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Table 4 Unadjusted and adjusted β coefficients for diastolic blood pressure associated with frequency of dairy product consumption among adults in Zhejiang

From: Association between frequency of dairy product consumption and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang Province, China

Characteristics

Frequency of dairy product consumption

Ptrend

Never

 < 1 Time/week

Weekly

N. participants (Total)

50,746

1757

1413

 

 DBP, mmHg

80.5 ± 10.7

78.9 ± 10.2

78.1 ± 10.3

 

  Unadjusted β (95% CI)

Ref

 − 1.59 (− 2.10, − 1.08)

 − 2.39 (− 2.96, − 1.83)

 < 0.001

  Model 1 β (95% CI)

Ref

 − 1.35 (− 1.86, − 0.84)

 − 2.14 (− 2.70, − 1.58)

 < 0.001

  Model 2 β (95% CI)

Ref

 − 1.27 (− 1.78, − 0.77)

 − 1.95 (− 2.52, − 1.38)

 < 0.001

  Model 3 β (95% CI)

Ref

 − 0.98 (− 1.48, − 0.49)

 − 1.40 (− 1.96, − 0.84)

 < 0.001

N. participants (Men)a

21 468

620

485

 

 DBP, mmHg

81.8 ± 11.0

80.7 ± 10.6

80.3 ± 11.1

 < 0.001

  Unadjusted β (95% CI)

Ref

 − 1.05 (− 1.92, − 0.17)

 − 1.47 (− 2.47, − 0.48)

 < 0.001

  Model 1 β (95% CI)

Ref

 − 1.06(− 1.94, − 0.18)

 − 1.48 (− 2.48, − 0.49)

 < 0.001

  Model 2 β (95% CI)

Ref

 − 1.07(− 1.95, − 0.19)

 − 1.50 (− 2.49, − 0.50)

 < 0.001

  Model 3 β (95% CI)

Ref

 − 1.16(− 2.00, − 0.31)

 − 1.43 (− 2.40, − 0.46)

 < 0.001

N. participants (Women)a

29 278

1 137

928

 

 DBP, mmHg

79.6 ± 10.4

77.9 ± 9.9

76.9 ± 9.6

 

  Unadjusted β (95% CI)

Ref

 − 1.65 (− 2.26, − 1.03)

 − 2.60 (− 3.28, − 1.92)

 < 0.001

  Model 1 β (95% CI)

Ref

 − 1.50(− 2.12, − 0.89)

 − 2.45 (− 3.13, − 1.77)

 < 0.001

  Model 2 β (95% CI)

Ref

 − 1.28(− 1.89, − 0.66)

 − 1.97 (− 2.66, − 1.27)

 < 0.001

  Model 3 β (95% CI)

Ref

 − 0.77(− 1.38, − 0.17) b

 − 1.23 (− 1.92, − 0.55) b

 < 0.001

  1. In model 1, β coefficients were adjusted for age (continuous) and sex. Model 2 included additional adjustment for education level (no formal school, primary school, middle school and high school or above), household income (≤ 19,999 yuan, 20,000–34,999 yuan, ≥ 35,000 yuan). Model 3 included additional adjustment for cigarette consumption (never, occasional, former, and current), alcohol consumption (never, occasional, former, and current), physical activity (continuous), meat consumption (daily and non-daily), fruit consumption (daily and non-daily), BMI (continuous), WC (continuous), snoring (never, occasional, and habitual snoring), sleep duration (continuous)
  2. aWithout adjustment for sex, bAdditional adjustment for menopause status