Fig. 5

Effects of BCAA administration on the expression of mRNA related to glucose metabolism in the liver. A qPCR analysis of gluconeogenesis genes related mRNA expression (n = 8). B qPCR analysis of glucose and lipid metabolism genes related mRNA expression (n = 8). C qPCR analysis of glucose metabolism genes related mRNA expression (n = 8). D qPCR analysis of insulin signaling pathway related genes mRNA expression (n = 8). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. BCAA: branched-chain amino acids, CON: control, CREB: cAMP response element binding protein, CBP: CREB-binding protein, CRTC2: CREB regulated transcriptional coactivator 2, FoxO1: Forkhead box O1, SIRT1: Sirtuin 1, ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, Chrebp: Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein, SREBP-1C: Sterol response element binding protein 1C, PPAR-a: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a, FAS: fatty acid synthase, GCK: glucokinase, PCK1: phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxykinase 1, G6PC: glucose-6phosphatase, FBP1: fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, GLUT2: glucose transporter 2, PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, AKT: Protein kinase B, mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin, P70S6K: P70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, AMPKa1: AMP-activated protein kinase a1, AMPKa2: AMP-activated protein kinase a2