Table 1 Characteristics of the studies investigating the effects of Time-Restricted Eating on blood pressure
Reference | Study design | Participants | Study duration | TRE regimen (fasting: feeding) | Total number | Age (year) | Sex: Male (%) | BMI (kg/m 2 ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cienfuegos [26] | RCT | Obesity | 8 weeks | 4-h TRF (20:4), 6-h TRF (18:6), or a control group | 58 | 47 [3] | 8.6 | 37 [1] |
Phillips [27] | RCT | Metabolic syndrome | 6 months | 12 h time-restricted eating (12:12), standard dietary advice | 213 | 40.1 (13.3) | 28.6 | 24.9 (22.6-29.1) |
Gabel [28] | – | Obese adults | 12 weeks | 8-h time restricted feeding(16:8) , matched historical control group | 46 | 50 [2] | 89.1 | 35 (1) |
Aliasghari [29] | Observational trial | Nafld patients | – | fast for Ramadan(16:8) ,not to fast for Ramadan | 83 | 37.59 (7.06) | 68.7 | 30.09 (4.49) |
Dewanti [30] | – | Male outdoor workers | 1 month | fast for Ramadan(16:8) ,not to fast for Ramadan | 100 | – | 100 | 24.2 (3.2) |
Lowe [31] | RCT | Overweight and obesity | 12 weeks | 8-h time restricted feeding(16:8),consistent meal timing group | 50 | 43.8 (11.2) | 56.0 | 31.4 (4.0) |
Chow [32] | – | Overweight | 12 weeks | TRE (8-hour window), non-TRE(unrestricted eating) | 20 | 46.5 (12.4) | 15 | 33.8 (7.6) |
Kotarsky [33] | RCT | Overweight and obese adults | 8 weeks | TRE consumed all calories between 12:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m(16:8) ,normal eating (NE) dietary strategy group | 21 | 45 (3) | 14.3 | 29.8 (0.8) |
Tinsley [34] | RCT | Active females | 8 weeks | TRF(~7.5 h/d),control diet | 40 | 22.0 (2.4) | 0 | – |
Lin [35] | Randomized,open-label,parallel-group design, | Middle-aged women | 8 weeks | TRF group (limit 8 h of eating time and fasting for 16 h) , a non-TRF group | 63 | 50.1 (7.5) | 0 | 25.9 (3.7) |