From: Abdominal obesity in COPD is associated with specific metabolic and functional phenotypes
Ā | Non-AO control (nā=ā52) | AO-control (nā=ā116) | Non-AO COPD (nā=ā65) | AO-COPD (nā=ā134) | ANCOVA p-values |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 67.3a [67.0, 67.6] | 69.1b [68.7, 69.5] | 68.3c [67.9, 68.7] | 68.6c [68.2, 69.0] | C: 0.9095 AO: 0.0007 |
Male % | 28/54% | 46/40% | 31/48% | 63/47% | Ā |
Pulmonary function and COPD related measures | |||||
FEV1 (% of predicted) | 103.0a [100.9, 105.1] | 94.0b [91.7, 96.2] | 34.7c [33.7, 35.6] | 42.9d [42.2, 43.5] | C: 0.0001 AO: 0.1087 C*AO: 0.0015 |
FVC (% of predicted) | 96.2a [95, 97.3] | 86.2b [85.3, 87] | 52.7c [51.9, 53.5] | 57.3d [56.9, 57.7] | C: 0.0001 AO: 0.1664 C*AO: 0.0002 |
FEV1/FVC (ratio) | 79.7a [78.9, 80.5] | 84.0b [82.7, 85.3] | 50.0c [49.2, 50.8] | 55.9d [55.3, 56.6] | C:ā<ā0.0001 AO: 0.5189 |
Oxygen saturation (%) | 97.5a [97.4, 97.7] | 97.4b [97.3, 97.5] | 95.4c [95.3, 95.5] | 95.2d [95.1, 95.3] | C:ā<ā0.0001 AO: 0.4186 |
mMRC dyspnea scale | N/A | N/A | 2.35a [2.07, 2.64] | 2.32a [2.03, 2.44] | ā |
Gold stage (%; 1/2/3/4) | N/A | N/A | 2/31/35/32 | 8/29/43/20 | ā |
Oxygen users (% yes) | N/A | N/A | 48%a | 48%a | ā |
Smoking status (non-smoker/former smoker/current smoker) (%) | 96/0/4% | 72/3/25% | 8/29/63% | 17/15/68% | ā |
Smoking history (pack years) | 6.4a [4.8, 8.0] | 6.6a [5.6, 7.6] | 41.5b [39.6, 43.4] | 44.0c [43.1, 44.8] | C:ā<ā0.0001 AO: 0.6105 |
No. of exacerbations in past year | N/A | N/A | 0.68a [0.66, 0.7] | 0.66b [0.65, 0.67] | ā |
No. of hospitalizations in last year for exacerbation | N/A | N/A | 0.25a [0.23, 0.26] | 0.30b [0.29, 0.31] | ā |
Short-acting bronchodilator (% yes) | N/A | N/A | 61%a | 55%a | ā |
Long-acting bronchodilator (% yes) | N/A | N/A | 43%a | 60%a | ā |
Inhaled corticosteroids (% yes) | N/A | N/A | 59%a | 50%a | ā |
Oral corticosteroids (% yes) | N/A | N/A | 14%a | 7%a | ā |
PASE (score) | 161.1a [156.3, 165.8] | 169.4b [164.4, 174.4] | 106.7c [102.7, 110.8] | 118.1d [115.6, 120.7] | C:ā<ā0.0001 AO: 0.8935 |
Total caloric intake (kcal/day) | 1848a [1776, 1920] | 1747b [1698, 1796] | 1859a [1800, 1917] | 1765b [1738, 1792] | C: 0.9203 AO: 0.8222 |
Daily carbohydrate intake (g/day) | 204.5a [197.5, 211.5] | 184.6b [179, 190.3] | 210.8c [203.1, 218.6] | 173.0d [170.0, 175.9] | C: 0.6235 AO: 0.8575 |
Daily fat intake (g/day) | 67.6a [64, 71.2] | 64.3a [61.8, 66.7] | 74.6b [71.3, 77.9] | 70.5c [69, 71.9] | C: 0.3157 AO: 0.9933 |
Daily protein intake (g/day) | 68.2 [64.3, 72] | 73.9 [70.7, 77.2] | 65.5 [62.7, 68.3] | 70.1 [68.3, 71.9] | C: 0.3868 AO: 0.0460 |
Body composition and metabolic syndrome characteristics | |||||
Height (m) | 1.68 [1.66, 1.70] | 1.66 [1.65, 1.67] | 1.67 [1.65, 1.68] | 1.66 [1.65, 1.67] | C: 0.2382 AO: 0.3370 |
Body weight (kg) | 71.2a [68.4, 74.1] | 83.3b [80.6, 86.1] | 61.7c [58.4, 65.0] | 88.5d [85.5, 91.4] | C: 0.0001 AO: 0.0005 C*AO: 0.0078 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 24.8a [24.4, 25.2] | 29.9b [29.6, 30.2] | 22.0c [21.5, 22.4] | 31.7d [31.4, 32] | C: 0.0736 AO:ā<ā0.0001 C*AO:ā<ā0.0001 |
Total lean mass (kg) | 47.7a [45.3, 50.2] | 48.7a [47.1, 50.4] | 41.6b [39.2, 44] | 50.8c [49.1, 52.5] | C:ā<ā0.0001 AO: 0.7139 C*AO: 0.0217 |
Total fat mass (kg) | 18.4a [17.8, 19.1] | 30.5b [28.8, 32.2] | 16.3c [15.4, 17.2] | 33.0d [31.3, 34.7] | C: 0.7180 AO:ā<ā0.0001 |
Android fat (%) | 27.5a [26.9, 28] | 40.4b [39.4, 41.4] | 22.4c [21.7, 23.2] | 42.6d [41.4, 43.7] | C: 0.0077 AO:ā<ā0.0001 C*AO: 0.0041 |
Gynoid fat (%) | 29.9a [28.6, 31.2] | 37.4b [36.2, 38.6] | 29.5a [28.6, 30.4] | 39.1c [37.8, 40.3] | C: 0.1945 AO: 0.0004 |
Android/Gynoid % fat mass ratio | 0.94a [0.90, 0.97] | 1.10b [1.07, 1.12] | 0.77c [0.74, 0.81] | 1.11b [1.08, 1.14] | C:ā<ā0.0001 AO:ā<ā0.0001 C*AO: 0.0003 |
Heart rate (BPM) | 64.0a [63.3, 64.7] | 67.4b [66.9, 67.9] | 74.0c [73.4, 74.6] | 72.0d [71.5, 72.5] | C:ā<ā0.0001 AO: 0.6142 C*AO: 0.0420 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.4a [124.4, 126.5] | 137.3b [136.3, 138.2] | 131.1c [129.5, 132.7] | 134.2d [133.4, 134.9] | C: 0.4272 AO: 0.8559 C*AO: 0.0076 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.8a [74.6, 75.0] | 79b [78.6, 79.3] | 77.1c [76.7, 77.4] | 76.2d [75.9, 76.5] | C: 0.9796 AO: 0.5630 C*AO: 0.0060 |
Charlson comorbidity index (score) | 0.28a [0.22, 0.33] | 0.38b [0.35, 0.42] | 1.63c [1.55, 1.71] | 1.88d [1.84, 1.92] | C:ā<ā0.0001 AO: 0.8473 |
Hypertension (% yes) | 33%a | 43%a | 35%a | 66%b | ā |
Dyslipidemia (% yes) | 36%a | 31%a | 31%a | 58%b | ā |
Obstructive sleep apnea (% yes) | 5%a | 29%b | 14%a | 41%c | ā |
Diabetes (% yes) | 3%a | 7%a | 8%a | 19%b | ā |