Association between iron metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2017–2018) and a controlled animal study

Table 3 Subgroups analysis for the associations of TSAT with the prevalence of NAFLD

TSAT (%)	Q1 (< 19.00)	Q2 (29.00–26.00)	Q3 (26.01, 34.00)	Q4 (> 34.00)	P for trend	P for interaction
TSAT (%)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)		P for interaction
Age						0.021
< 60	1.00 (Ref.)	0.892 (0.719, 1.108)	0.973 (0.774, 1.221)	0.667 (0.516, 0.863)**	0.009
≥ 60	1.00 (Ref.)	1.021 (0.745, 1.400)	1.189 (0.859, 1.644)	0.831 (0.579, 1.193)	0.154
Sex						0.002
Male	1.00 (Ref.)	0.846 (0.638, 1.122)	0.830 (0.622, 1.107)	0.644 (0.492, 0.896)**	0.050
Female	1.00 (Ref.)	0.940 (0.743, 1.188)	1.136 (0.886, 1.459)	0.697 (0.513, 0.948)*	0.019
Race						0.020
Mexican American	1.00 (Ref.)	0.655 (0.410, 1.046)	0.816 (0.497, 1.341)	0.427 (0.244, 0.748)**	0.018
Other hispanic	1.00 (Ref.)	0.931 (0.487, 1.780)	1.491 (0.776, 2.862)	0.841 (0.429, 1.645)	0.291
Non-hispanic white	1.00 (Ref.)	0.959 (0.660, 1.391)	1.044 (0.698, 1.562)	0.978 (0.615, 1.555)	0.975
Non-hispanic black	1.00 (Ref.)	0.844 (0.641, 1.220)	0.963 (0.693, 1.338)	0.669 (0.461, 0.971)*	0.122
Other race	1.00 (Ref.)	1.064 (0.701, 1.614)	0.921 (0.602, 1.407)	0.648 (0.402, 1.046)	0.150
Hypertension						0.556
No	1.00 (Ref.)	0.882 (0.694, 1.119)	0.959 (0.747, 1.230)	0.622 (0.470, 0.822)**	0.003
Yes	1.00 (Ref.)	0.970 (0.741, 1.269)	1.079 (0.816, 1.427)	0.841 (0.612, 1.154)	0.398
DM						0.598
No	1.00 (Ref.)	0.917 (0.750, 1.122)	1.053 (0.856, 1.296)	0.747 (0.592, 0.943)*	0.013
Yes	1.00 (Ref.)	0.869 (0.593, 1.272)	0.807 (0.534, 1.220)	0.622 (0.386, 1.002)	0.269
BMI						0.001
< 30	1.00 (Ref.)	0.897 (0.696, 1.156)	0.901 (0.697, 1.165)	0.707 (0.534, 0.936)	0.084
≥ 30	1.00 (Ref.)	0.918 (0.712, 1.183)	1.158 (0.875, 1.531)	0.725 (0.524, 1.004)	0.033

TSAT, Transferrin saturation; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; Analysis was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, family poverty income ratio, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoker, alcohol user, body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity, the complication of CHD, CHF, angina pectoris, heart attack, and stroke, mean energy intake, protein intake, folic acid intake, Vitamin B12 intake, Vitamin C intake, Iron intake, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, glycosylated hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin creatinine ratio, hemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides

ISSN: 1743-7075