Table 1 Basic characteristics of three TMI-based growth trajectory groups in the Taiwan Puberty Longitudinal Study
All participants | Stable weight | Decreased weight | Increased weight | p-valuec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participants number | 1135 | 934 | 91 | 110 | |
Age | 10.4 (2.0) | 10.4 (1.9) | 10.7 (1.8) | 10.2 (2.1) | 0.25 |
Girls | 750 (66.3) | 637 (68.4) | 43 (47.8) | 70 (64.2) | < 0.01 |
Baseline TMI, kg/m3 | 13.1 (2.6) | 12.4 (2.1) | 15.8 (1.8) | 16.5 (2.6) | < 0.01 |
Birth weight, kg | 3.0 (0.5) | 3.0 (0.5) | 3.1 (0.5) | 2.9 (0.5) | 0.09 |
Breast feeding a | 787 (81.6) | 653 (82.6) | 62 (80.5) | 72 (74.2) | 0.13 |
Parental education level a,b | 0.02 | ||||
Senior high school or below | 60 (6.3) | 45 (5.8) | 4 (5.3) | 11 (11.7) | |
College or University | 530 (56.0) | 423 (54.4) | 50 (65.8) | 57 (60.6) | |
Institute | 357 (37.7) | 309 (39.8) | 22 (29.0) | 26 (27.7) | |
Family incomea, b | < 0.01 | ||||
< 70,000 NTD per month | 206 (22.0) | 156 (20.2) | 15 (20.3) | 35 (37.6) | |
70,000 ~ 150,000 NTD per month | 465 (49.6) | 384 (49.8) | 39 (52.7) | 42 (45.2) | |
>150,000 NTD per month | 267 (28.5) | 231 (30.0) | 20 (27.0) | 16 (17.2) | |
Tanner stage a | 0.04 | ||||
Stage 1 or 2 | 696 (80.3) | 582 (80.1) | 65 (91.6) | 49 (71.0) | |
Stage 3 or 4 | 131 (15.1) | 110 (15.1) | 5 (5.0) | 16 (23.2) | |
Stage 5 | 40 (4.6) | 35 (4.8) | 1 (1.4) | 4 (5.8) | |
Exercise habit, > 30 min per daya | 450 (59.1) | 385 (61.0) | 33 (50.0) | 32 (50.0) | 0.07 |
Daily calories, Kcal | 1598.7 (425.8) | 1595.0 (424.3) | 1628.8 (422.2) | 1604.5 (444.0) | 0.86 |
Daily calories from carbohydrate, % | 47.7 (9.6) | 47.7 (9.3) | 47.7 (10.3) | 48.3 (11.2) | 0.85 |
Daily calories from fat, % | 33.8 (8.3) | 33.9 (8.2) | 33.5 (8.4) | 33.1 (8.9) | 0.76 |
Daily calories from protein, % | 15.5 (3.2) | 15.6 (3.1) | 16.0 (3.7) | 14.9 (3.5) | 0.11 |