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Table 1 Liver RNA-seq results from WD + AF rats versus WD rats when both groups were compared to CTL rats (p < 0.01)

From: Herbal adaptogens combined with protein fractions from bovine colostrum and hen egg yolk reduce liver TNF-α expression and protein carbonylation in Western diet feeding in rats

Gene

Gene function*

WD + AF/CTL Fold-change

WD/CTL Fold-change

Efna5

Functions in pancreatic islet cells to regulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion

-2.20

-1.37

Ahr

Mediates biochemical and toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons

-1.93

-1.35

Pck1

Main control point for the regulation of gluconeogenesis

-1.90

-1.31

Sall1

Transcriptional repressor involved in organogenesis

-1.88

-1.41

Rasgef1b

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor with specificity for Rap2a and other Ras family proteins

-1.87

-1.35

Acadsb

Member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes that catalyze the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in the metabolism of fatty acids or branch chained amino acids.

-1.65

-1.31

Tmem56

Unknown function

-1.62

-1.09

Ivns1abp

Protects cells from cell death induced by actin destabilization

-1.58

-1.08

Slc2a2

Mediates facilitated bidirectional glucose transport (a.k.a. Glut2)

-1.56

-1.22

Hspa13

Members of this protein family play a role in the processing of cytosolic and secretory proteins, as well as in the removal of denatured or incorrectly-folded proteins

-1.56

-1.11

Bach1

Plays important roles in coordinating transcription activation and repression by Mafk

-1.52

-1.28

C21orf91

Unknown function

-1.51

-1.16

Adcy9

Membrane bound enzyme that catalyses the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP

1.55

1.32

Cd36

Binds long chain fatty acids and may function in the transport and/or as a regulator of fatty acid transport

1.61

1.55

Slc39a4

Plays an important role in cellular zinc homeostasis as a zinc transporter

1.69

1.33

Foxa2

Encodes a member of the forkhead class of DNA-binding proteins, and can control the expression of liver-specific genes such as albumin

1.69

1.29

Ces2

Participate in fatty acyl and cholesterol ester metabolism

1.73

1.41

Ltb

Plays a specific role in immune response regulation

1.83

1.49

Nr0b2

Inhibits transcriptional activity of Neurod1 on E-box-containing promoter

2.99

2.39

  1. Legend: bold-faced fold-change values indicate that genes that were altered by WD + AF but were not altered with WD when both conditions compared to CTL rats. * = descriptions adapted fromhttp://www.genecards.org.