Enhancement of a modified Mediterranean-style, low glycemic load diet with specific phytochemicals improves cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with metabolic syndrome and hypercholesterolemia in a randomized trial

Table 2 Caloric and nutrient intake at baseline, 8 weeks and 12 weeks

Nutrient	Visit	PED arm¹	MED arm²	P value (between arms)
		mean ± SE
Total energy (kJ/d)	Baseline	9654 ± 571	11575 ± 1619	0.22
	8 weeks	6699 ± 370	6171 ± 479	0.38
	12 weeks	6442 ± 285	5835 ± 472	0.25
Carbohydrates (g/d)	Baseline	261.7 ± 19.0	337.9 ± 45.8	0.10
	8 weeks	188.9 ± 10.9	150.9 ± 13.8	0.03
	12 weeks	169.6 ± 9.3	151.4 ± 13.6	0.22
Insoluble fiber (g/d)	Baseline	6.0 ± 0.7	4.3 ± 0.6	0.09
	8 weeks	10.4 ± 1.3	8.1 ± 1.0	0.17
	12 weeks	9.4 ± 1.0	8.3 ± 1.4	0.51
Soluble fiber (g/d)	Baseline	2.3 ± 0.3	2.1 ± 0.3	0.58
	8 weeks	11.8 ± 0.5	3.1 ± 0.4	< 0.01
	12 weeks	11.5 ± 0.3	3.3 ± 0.5	< 0.01
Protein (g/d)	Baseline	100.2 ± 7.0	97.7 ± 13.0	0.86
	8 weeks	112.5 ± 6.1	90.7 ± 7.2	0.03
	12 weeks	116.1 ± 7.6	85.3 ± 7.9	0.01
Fat (g/d)	Baseline	96.2 ± 7.4	113.5 ± 17.1	0.32
	8 weeks	47.6 ± 3.7	59.5 ± 5.18	0.06
	12 weeks	46.8 ± 4.7	52.7 ± 5.19	0.40
Saturated fatty acid (g/d)	Baseline	30.5 ± 2.9	35.0 ± 4.5	0.39
	8 weeks	10.5 ± 0.9	14.0 ± 1.7	0.05
	12 weeks	10.1 ± 1.1	12.8 ± 1.3	0.11
Monounsaturated fatty acid (g/d)	Baseline	25.6 ± 3.1	33.1 ± 5.5	0.21
	8 weeks	14.8 ± 1.5	19.7 ± 1.7	0.04
	12 weeks	17.4 ± 2.2	17.4 ± 2.3	0.98
Cholesterol (mmol/d)	Baseline	9.48 ± 0.96	9.22 ± 1.10	0.86
	8 weeks	6.31 ± 0.69	10.01 ± 1.38	0.01
	12 weeks	6.79 ± 0.94	8.33 ± 1.03	0.34
Alcohol (g/d)	Baseline	4.9 ± 1.4	3.3 ± 2.3	0.56
	8 weeks	1.2 ± 0.8	3.1 ± 1.2	0.19
	12 weeks	1.6 ± 0.9	2.1 ± 1.3	0.75

¹PED arm: Baseline & 8 weeks, n = 25; 12 weeks, n = 23. ²MED arm: Baseline & 8 weeks, n = 19; 12 weeks, n = 18.

ISSN: 1743-7075