Tissue | Sterol | Control diet (n = 10) | Phytosterol diet (n = 10) | Phytostanol diet (n = 10) | P value (one-way ANOVA) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plasma | |||||
 | Total phytosterols | 8.2 ± 1.3b | 33.6 ± 4.9c | 3.8 ± 0.7a | 0.0001 |
 | Total phytostanols | 0.1 ± 0.1a | 0.1 ± 0.1a | 14.5 ± 2.2b | 0.0001* |
 | Cholesterol | 80.9 ± 5.8b | 75.5 ± 10.3ab | 68.8 ± 6.9a | 0.0076 |
 | Total sterols | 89.1 ± 6.6a | 109.1 ± 14.1b | 87.1 ± 9.0a | 0.0001 |
 | Cholesterol/phytosterols & phytostanols | 10.0 ± 1.3c | 2.3 ± 0.3a | 3.8 ± 0.4b | 0.0001 |
Red blood cells | |||||
 | Total phytosterols | 10.0 ± 2.6b | 29.7 ± 7.4c | 6.5 ± 0.7a | 0.0001 |
 | Total phytostanols | 1.0 ± 0.4a | 0.8 ± 0.4a | 9.2 ± 0.9b | 0.0001 |
 | Cholesterol | 101.9 ± 26.1 | 81.9 ± 20.8 | 85.2 ± 10.8 | 0.0789 |
 | Total sterols | 112.9 ± 28.5 | 112.5 ± 28.3 | 100.9 ± 11.3 | 0.4611 |
 | Cholesterol/phytosterols & phytostanols | 9.4 ± 1.5c | 2.7 ± 0.2a | 5.5 ± 0.8b | 0.0001 |
Liver | |||||
 | Total phytosterols | 19.0 ± 5.3b | 54.8 ± 8.1c | 13.5 ± 1.5a | 0.0001 |
 | Total phytostanols | 0.7 ± 0.2a | 0.6 ± 0.3a | 22.1 ± 2.7b | 0.0001 |
 | Cholesterol | 223.5 ± 46.1c | 134.3 ± 18.1a | 187.9 ± 23.7b | 0.0001 |
 | Total sterols | 243.3 ± 51.1b | 189.8 ± 24.6a | 223.6 ± 27.0b | 0.0141 |
 | Cholesterol/phytosterols & phytostanols | 11.5 ± 1.1c | 2.4 ± 0.2a | 5.3 ± 0.4b | 0.0001 |
Aorta | |||||
 | Total phytosterols | 8.7 ± 2.9b | 26.6 ± 5.7c | 5.4 ± 0.9a | 0.0001 |
 | Total phytostanols | 0.1 ± 0.1a | 0.3 ± 0.7a | 9.5 ± 1.8b | 0.0001* |
 | Cholesterol | 125.5 ± 32.8c | 86.5 ± 20.4a | 100.7 ± 14.0ab | 0.0038 |
 | Total sterols | 134.1 ± 35.4b | 113.4 ± 25.3a | 115.5 ± 13.2a | 0.1705 |
 | Cholesterol/phytosterols & phytostanols | 14.7 ± 2.1c | 3.2 ± 0.5a | 7.0 ± 2.0b | 0.0001 |
Kidney | |||||
 | Total phytosterols | 9.8 ± 1.8b | 40.2 ± 3.8c | 5.3 ± 0.8a | 0.0001 |
 | Total phytostanols | 0.1 ± 0.1a | 0.1 ± 0.1a | 14.1 ± 1.2b | 0.0001* |
 | Cholesterol | 320.6 ± 10.4b | 258.6 ± 28.6a | 276.2 ± 46.6a | 0.0006 |
 | Total sterols | 330.4 ± 10.9b | 298.8 ± 27.8a | 295.7 ± 47.3a | 0.0438 |
 | Cholesterol/phytosterols & phytostanols | 33.6 ± 5.2c | 6.5 ± 1.1a | 14.2 ± 2.4b | 0.0001 |