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Table 3 Sterol levels in plasma (mg/100 ml) and tissues (mg/100 g) of rats in the absence of salt-loading

From: Dietary phytosterols and phytostanols decrease cholesterol levels but increase blood pressure in WKY inbred rats in the absence of salt-loading

Tissue

Sterol

Control diet

(n = 10)

Phytosterol diet

(n = 10)

Phytostanol diet

(n = 10)

P value (one-way ANOVA)

Plasma

 

Total phytosterols

8.2 ± 1.3b

33.6 ± 4.9c

3.8 ± 0.7a

0.0001

 

Total phytostanols

0.1 ± 0.1a

0.1 ± 0.1a

14.5 ± 2.2b

0.0001*

 

Cholesterol

80.9 ± 5.8b

75.5 ± 10.3ab

68.8 ± 6.9a

0.0076

 

Total sterols

89.1 ± 6.6a

109.1 ± 14.1b

87.1 ± 9.0a

0.0001

 

Cholesterol/phytosterols & phytostanols

10.0 ± 1.3c

2.3 ± 0.3a

3.8 ± 0.4b

0.0001

Red blood cells

 

Total phytosterols

10.0 ± 2.6b

29.7 ± 7.4c

6.5 ± 0.7a

0.0001

 

Total phytostanols

1.0 ± 0.4a

0.8 ± 0.4a

9.2 ± 0.9b

0.0001

 

Cholesterol

101.9 ± 26.1

81.9 ± 20.8

85.2 ± 10.8

0.0789

 

Total sterols

112.9 ± 28.5

112.5 ± 28.3

100.9 ± 11.3

0.4611

 

Cholesterol/phytosterols & phytostanols

9.4 ± 1.5c

2.7 ± 0.2a

5.5 ± 0.8b

0.0001

Liver

 

Total phytosterols

19.0 ± 5.3b

54.8 ± 8.1c

13.5 ± 1.5a

0.0001

 

Total phytostanols

0.7 ± 0.2a

0.6 ± 0.3a

22.1 ± 2.7b

0.0001

 

Cholesterol

223.5 ± 46.1c

134.3 ± 18.1a

187.9 ± 23.7b

0.0001

 

Total sterols

243.3 ± 51.1b

189.8 ± 24.6a

223.6 ± 27.0b

0.0141

 

Cholesterol/phytosterols & phytostanols

11.5 ± 1.1c

2.4 ± 0.2a

5.3 ± 0.4b

0.0001

Aorta

 

Total phytosterols

8.7 ± 2.9b

26.6 ± 5.7c

5.4 ± 0.9a

0.0001

 

Total phytostanols

0.1 ± 0.1a

0.3 ± 0.7a

9.5 ± 1.8b

0.0001*

 

Cholesterol

125.5 ± 32.8c

86.5 ± 20.4a

100.7 ± 14.0ab

0.0038

 

Total sterols

134.1 ± 35.4b

113.4 ± 25.3a

115.5 ± 13.2a

0.1705

 

Cholesterol/phytosterols & phytostanols

14.7 ± 2.1c

3.2 ± 0.5a

7.0 ± 2.0b

0.0001

Kidney

 

Total phytosterols

9.8 ± 1.8b

40.2 ± 3.8c

5.3 ± 0.8a

0.0001

 

Total phytostanols

0.1 ± 0.1a

0.1 ± 0.1a

14.1 ± 1.2b

0.0001*

 

Cholesterol

320.6 ± 10.4b

258.6 ± 28.6a

276.2 ± 46.6a

0.0006

 

Total sterols

330.4 ± 10.9b

298.8 ± 27.8a

295.7 ± 47.3a

0.0438

 

Cholesterol/phytosterols & phytostanols

33.6 ± 5.2c

6.5 ± 1.1a

14.2 ± 2.4b

0.0001

  1. Values are presented as means ± SD. * Nonparametric (Kruskal-Wallis) test
  2. a,b,c means in a row not sharing a superscript letter are significantly different (P < 0.05, Duncan's test or Wilcoxon rank sum tests).
  3. Total phytosterols include campesterol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, and delta 5,24-stigmastadienol.
  4. Total phytostanols include campestanol and sitostanol.
  5. Total sterols include cholesterol + total phytosterols + total phytostanols.