Essential Minerals + other minerals | Units | Autism Group | Neuro-typical Group | % Difference | p-value | Neurotypical Reference Range (10th and 90th percentiles) | Autism Group % below RR | Autism Group % above RR | Tietz Ref. Range[39] | NHANES1999-2002 Reference Range (6-11 yr and 12-19 yr)[38] | Sonora Quest Ref. Range |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Calcium-WB | mg/dl | 5.9 +/- 0.4 | 5.8 +/- 0.3 | Â | n.s. | 5.45-6.20 | 11% | 11% | Â | Â | Â |
Calcium-RBC | μg/g | 19.3 +/-7 | 22.4 +/- 6 | -14% | 0.02 | 12.5-29.5 | 31% | 7% |  |  |  |
Calcium-Serum (total) | mg/dl | 9.6 +/- 0.5 | 9.6 +/- 0.2 | Â | n.s. | 9.25-9.9 | 13% | 9% | 8.8-10.8 (2-12 yr) | Â | 8.8-10.8 (2-12 yr) |
Chromium-RBC | ng/g | 0.91 +/-0.5 | 0.80 +/- 0.4 | Â | n.s. | 0.3-14 | 9% | 16% | Â | Â | Â |
Copper-WB | μg/dL | 95 +/-11 | 89 +/- 14 | +7% | 0.02 | 70-108.5 | 0% | 11% |  |  |  |
Copper-RBC | μg/g | 0.76 +/-0.08 | 0.72 +/- 0.09 | +5% | 0.03 | 0.61-0.86 | 2% | 13% |  |  |  |
Iodine-Urine | μg/mg-creatinine | 0.24 +/- 0.2 | 0.26 +/- 0.3 |  | n.s. | 0.097-0.57 | 25% | 4% |  | 0.116-0.699 0.067-0.364 |  |
Iron-RBC | μg/g | 891 +/-94 | 833 +/- 64 | +7% | 0.0005 * | 764-922 | 2% | 42% |  |  |  |
Iron-Serum | μg/dl | 83 +/- 34 | 87 +/- 35 |  | n.s. | 42-130 | 7% | 7% | 50-120 (child) | 39-126 45-141 | 28-136 (6-14 yr) |
Serum Ferritin | μg/l | 39.1 +/- 22 | 36.9 +/- 17 |  | n.s. | 17-63 | 9% | 16% | 7-140 (1 - 15 yr) | 11-74 8.0-115 |  |
Lithium-WB | μg/L | 1.7 +/-0.8 | 3.6 +/- 6 | -52% | 0.006 W | 1-5.0 | 11% | 0% |  |  |  |
Lithium-WB (without 3 highest neurotypical outliers #) | μg/L |  | 2.2 +/- 1.1 | -23% | 0.006 W | 3.25-3.90 | 13% | 7% |  |  |  |
Magnesium-WB | mg/dl | 3.53 +/-0.31 | 3.64 +/- 0.26 | -3% | 0.02 W | 42-54.5 | 18% | 22% | Â | Â | Â |
Magnesium-RBC | μg/g | 48.9 +/-6 | 47.5 +/- 5 |  | n.s. | 1.8-2.2 | 4% | 2% |  |  | 40-64 (adult) |
Magnesium-Serum | mg/dl | 1.95 +/- 0.14 | 2.03 +/- 0.15 | -4% | 0.02 W | 8-16 | 13% | 15% | 1.7-2.1 (6-12 yr) | Â | 1.7-2.4 (adult) |
Manganese-WB | μg/L | 12.1 +/4 | 11.6 +/- 3 |  | n.s. | 0.012-0.025 | 11% | 20% | 7.7-12.1 (adult) |  |  |
Manganese-RBC | μg/g | 0.021 +/-0.007 | 0.018 +/- 0.005 | +12% | 0.07 W | 1-1.8 | 6% | 7% |  |  |  |
Molybdenum-WB | μg/L | 1.4 +/-0.4 | 1.4 +/- 0.3 |  | n.s. | 0.15-0.30 | 7% | 13% | 0.8-3.3 (adult) |  |  |
Molybdenum-RBC | ng/g | 0.93 +/- 0.3 | 0.98 +/- 0.2 | Â | n.s. | 520-629 | 7% | 33% | Â | Â | Â |
Phosphorus-RBC | μg/g | 597 +/-59 | 567 +/- 43 | +5% | 0.004 | 3.85-5.35 | 6% | 6% |  |  |  |
Phosphorus-Serum | mg/dL | 4.6 +/- 0.5 | 4.6 +/- 0.5 | Â | n.s. | 73-83.5 | 9% | 20% | 4.5-5.5 (2-12 yr) | Â | 3.1-5.9 (4-12 yr) |
Potassium -RBC | mEq/L | 79 +/- 5.3 | 76.9 +/- 4.1 | +3% | 0.007 W | 3.8-4.6 | 15% | 9% | Â | Â | Â |
Potassium-Serum | mEq/L | 4.1 +/- 0.3 | 4.2 +/- 0.3 | Â | n.s. | 186-236 | 19% | 9% | 3.4-4.7 (child) | Â | 2.8-6.0 (child) |
Selenium-WB | μg/L | 207 +/-28 | 210 +/- 20 |  | n.s. | 0.20-0.27 | 9% | 18% | 58-234 (adult) |  |  |
Selenium-RBC | μg/g | 0.24 +/- 0.04 | 0.23 +/- 0.03 |  | n.s. | 136-139 | 9% | 17% | 0.07-0.24 (adult) |  |  |
Sodium-Serum | mEq/l | 138 +/- 2 | 137 +/- 1 | Â | n.s. | 0.15-0.30 | 11% | 2% | 138-145 (child) | Â | 135-145 (adult) |
Vanadium-RBC | ng/g | 0.21 +/- 0.07 | 0.22 +/- 0.07 | Â | n.s. | 465-657 | 7% | 7% | Â | Â | Â |
Zinc-WB | μg/dL | 551 +/-68 | 555 +/- 74 |  | n.s. | 6.8-10.8 | 2% | 15% |  |  |  |
Zinc-RBC | μg/g | 9.2 +/-1.4 | 8.9 +/- 1.4 |  | n.s. |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-essential minerals | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Boron-RBC | μg/g | 0.029 +/-0.014 | 0.025 +/- 0.007 | +16% | 0.04 | 0.014-0.032 | 13% | 36% |  |  |  |
Strontium-WB | μg/L | 25 +/-8 | 24 +/- 6 |  | n.s | 17-34 | 7% | 6% |  |  |  |