Table 1 Daily energy, macronutrient and water intake in vegetarian (V) and non-vegetarian (NV) elderly males (m) and females (f) (mean ± SD)
Variable | Gender | V | NV | RDI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy (MJ) | m | 8.7 ± 1.6 | 8.7 ± 1.2 | 8.8 |
|  | f | 6.8 ± 2.0*,†| 8.0 ± 1.4 | 7.8 |
Protein (E%) | m | 17.8 ± 3.4 | 21.0 ± 2.0†| 10-15 |
|  | f | 17.3 ± 3.4*,†| 19.5 ± 3.5†| 10-15 |
Total carbohydrate (E%) | m | 48.1 ± 6.4 | 42.3 ± 3.6†| 50-55 |
|  | f | 47.8 ± 7.5* | 43.3 ± 4.6†| 50-55 |
Mono- and disaccharides (g) | m | 170 ± 37†| 137 ± 35 | 131 |
|  | f | 137 ± 50 | 133 ± 30†| 117 |
Polysaccharides (g) | m | 66 ± 22†| 56 ± 3†| 158 |
|  | f | 50 ± 24†| 59 ± 14†| 140 |
Fibre (g) | m | 28 ± 9 | 36 ± 10 | 27 |
|  | f | 28 ± 18 | 32 ± 11 | 27 |
Total fat (E%) | m | 32.8 ± 7.9 | 32.6 ± 3.0 | 30-35 |
|  | f | 34.7 ± 7.2 | 35.2 ± 4.5 | 30-35 |
Saturated fat (g) | m | 31.4 ± 12.9 | 33.4 ± 4.7†| 23 |
|  | f | 25.4 ± 8.2*,†| 32.2 ± 6.9†| 21 |
MUFA (g) | m | 28.8 ± 11.7 | 39.1 ± 4.2†| 28 |
|  | f | 22.8 ± 10.1* | 37.1 ± 6.1†| 25 |
PUFA (g) | m | 14.3 ± 2.8†| 13.8 ± 1.3†| 28 |
|  | f | 13.4 ± 7.0†| 12.2 ± 3.4†| 25 |
Cholesterol (mg) | m | 181 ± 56 | 208 ± 21 | < 300 |
|  | f | 161 ± 69 | 205 ± 46 | < 300 |
Alcohol (E%) | m | 1.7 ± 3.1 | 13.2 ± 13.1 | < 4 |
|  | f | 0.3 ± 0.9* | 5.6 ± 7.7 | < 4 |
Water (ml) | m | 2050 ± 277 | 2224 ± 214 | 1600-2400 |
|  | f | 1663 ± 452* | 2166 ± 538 | 1600-2400 |