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Table 3 Concentrations of postprandial bone biomarkers and inflammatory markers (Mean ± SD)

From: The role of a dairy fraction rich in milk fat globule membrane in the suppression of postprandial inflammatory markers and bone turnover in obese and overweight adults: an exploratory study

 

Postprandial time point

   
 

0 hour

1 hour

3 hour

6 hour

Treatment effect p-value

Time effect p-value

Time x treatment interaction p-value

C1CP (ng/ml)

    

0.093

0.084

0.195

 PO + MFGM

134.4 ± 140.6

131.1 ± 134.1

128.1 ± 119.9

131.3 ± 127.7

   

 PO

122.0 ± 133.7

127.1 ± 138.7

117.5 ± 124.2

127.9 ± 152.0

   

 WC + MFGM

130.0 ± 135.2

126.2 ± 137.0

130.1 ± 146.5

129.3 ± 125.9

   

 WC

153.1 ± 269.9

137.8 ± 201.7

123.6 ± 133.8

129.2 ± 146.3

   

CTX (ng/ml)

    

0.0001

<0.0001

<.0001

 PO + MFGM

0.57 ± 0.27

0.33 ± 0.14

0.24 ± 0.12

0.32 ± 0.16

   

 PO

0.53 ± 0.22

0.31 ± 0.13

0.24 ± 0.12

0.44 ± 0.22

   

 WC + MFGM

0.56 ± 0.27

0.33 ± 0.16

0.22 ± 0.11

0.26 ± 0.14

   

 WC

0.55 ± 0.26

0.31 ± 0.11

0.20 ± 0.09

0.38 ± 0.20

   

IL-6 (pg/ml)

    

0.449

<0.0001

0.975

 PO + MFGM

0.72 ± 1.37

0.59 ± 1.26

0.54 ± 0.98

0.76 ± 1.40

   

 PO

0.74 ± 1.08

0.59 ± 0.87

0.61 ± 1.09

0.76 ± 1.16

   

 WC + MFGM

0.78 ± 1.43

0.63 ± 1.27

0.60 ± 1.20

0.86 ± 1.48

   

 WC

0.70 ± 1.10

0.63 ± 1.18

0.60 ± 1.13

0.87 ± 1.51

   

IL-18 (pg/ml)

    

0.671

<0.0001

0.245

 PO + MFGM

11.11 ± 3.33

11.32 ± 3.32

10.72 ± 2.74

10.80 ± 3.39

   

 PO

11.24 ± 3.10

10.51 ± 3.34

9.629 ± 3.15

10.96 ± 2.95

   

 WC + MFGM

11.79 ± 3.64

10.63 ± 4.11

10.40 ± 3.67

10.81 ± 3.17

   

 WC

11.05 ± 3.44

10.98 ± 3.03

10.09 ± 2.69

10.18 ± 3.06

   

TNFα (pg/ml)

    

0.679

<0.0001

0.303

 PO + MFGM

2.34 ± 0.67

2.36 ± 0.66

2.27 ± 0.62

2.22 ± 0.68

   

 PO

2.49 ± 0.71

2.36 ± 0.56

2.29 ± 0.63

2.36 ± 0.64

   

 WC + MFGM

2.54 ± 0.83

2.36 ± 0.81

2.32 ± 0.81

2.32 ± 0.73

   

 WC

2.44 ± 0.70

2.38 ± 0.67

2.27 ± 0.57

2.32 ± 0.63

   

CRP (mg/l)

    

0.207

<0.0001

0.608

 PO + MFGM

1.49 ± 0.85

1.51 ± 0.86

1.46 ± 0.85

1.52 ± 0.87

   

 PO

1.55 ± 0.86

1.65 ± 0.87

1.58 ± 0.88

1.62 ± 0.87

   

 WC + MFGM

1.49 ± 0.85

1.56 ± 0.90

1.51 ± 0.87

1.56 ± 0.88

   

 WC

1.49 ± 0.83

1.58 ± 0.90

1.50 ± 0.84

1.53 ± 0.86

   

IL-10 (pg/ml)

    

0.278

0.206

0.012

 PO + MFGM

0.49 ± 1.17

0.52 ± 1.19

0.52 ± 1.12

0.57 ± 1.14

   

 PO

0.56 ± 1.37

0.54 ± 1.35

0.54 ± 1.22

0.51 ± 1.32

   

 WC + MFGM

0.52 ± 1.08

0.57 ± 1.09

0.57 ± 1.04

0.58 ± 1.17

   

 WC

0.52 ± 1.13

0.58 ± 1.15

0.58 ± 1.21

0.55 ± 1.28

   

sICAM (mg/l)

    

0.168

<0.0001

0.114

 PO + MFGM

0.96 ± 0.51

0.97 ± 0.51

0.95 ± 0.51

0.97 ± 0.53

   

 PO

0.97 ± 0.51

1.058 ± 0.54

1.00 ± 0.51

1.044 ± 0.54

   

 WC + MFGM

0.93 ± 0.50

0.99 ± 0.53

0.97 ± 0.54

0.97 ± 0.51

   

 WC

0.92 ± 0.48

1.00 ± 0.52

0.96 ± 0.49

0.96 ± 0.49

   
  1. Actual (untransformed) values are presented here; analysis was done on the transformed data. N = 36
  2. Test meals: palm oil plus milk fat globule membrane (PO + MFGM), palm oil (PO), whipping cream plus milk fat globule membrane (WC + MFGM), whipping cream (WC)
  3. Bone variables: type 1 C-terminal collagen propeptide (C1CP), C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX)
  4. Inflammatory variables: interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-10 (IL10), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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