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Table 1 Patient demographics, sorted by clinical response

From: Differential ketogenic diet-induced shift in CSF lipid/carbohydrate metabolome of pediatric epilepsy patients with optimal vs. no anticonvulsant response: a pilot study

Characteristics of 5 patients with optimal seizure reduction (no detected seizures)

 sex

age

Epilepsy type(s)

Seizure type(s)

Etiology/syndrome

AEDs

Diet ratio

 M

4.5

generalized

Myoclonic, generalized T/C

Doose syndrome

VPA, CZP

4:1

 F

4.8

generalized

Myoclonic, tonic, absence

L-G syndrome

CLB

3:1

 M

5.1

generalized

Myoclonic, tonic

Down’s syndrome

VPA, LTG

4:1

 F

5.8

generalized

Myoclonic, generalized T/C

Cortical dysplasia (polymicrogyria)

none

3:1

 F

9.0

focal

Focal without impaired awareness

Cortical dysplasia

PRI, VPA

4:1

 Mean:

5.8

     

Characteristics of 5 patients with no observed change in seizures

 M

4.0

generalized

Myoclonic, tonic, epileptic spasms

Inverted duplicated chromosome 15, L-G syndrome

LTG, TPM

4:1

 M

6.0

generalized

Epileptic spasms, generalized T/C

L-G syndrome

VPA, LTG

3:1

 M

6.3

generalized

Myoclonic, absence, generalized T/C

Infantile spasms, L-G syndrome

VPA, CLB

4:1

 F

6.7

generalized

Generalized T/C

Unknown

LTG, PB, TPM

4:1

 M

10.1

generalized

Myoclonic, atonic

Agenesi corpus callosum, other CNS malformations

VPA, CZP

4:1

 Mean:

6.6

     
  1. Seizure types classified according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification [31]. “Diet ratio” indicates the (fat:(protein + carbohydrate)) ratio of the KD at time of 2nd lumbar puncture. Abbreviations: AED antiepileptic drug, T/C tonic/clonic, L-G Lennox-Gastaux syndrome, VPA valproic acid, CZP clonazepam, CLB clobazam, LTG lamotrigine, PRI primidone, TPM topiramate, PB phenobarbital