Variable | TRF group | Control group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary intake | Baseline | Week 12 | Change | Baseline | Week 12 | Change |
Energy (kcal) | 1876 ± 202 | 1345 ± 120 | − 531 ± 102* | 1672 ± 117 | 1596 ± 105 | − 76 ± 42 |
Protein (%) | 18 ± 1 | 19 ± 1 | 1 ± 1 | 19 ± 1 | 18 ± 1 | − 1 ± 1 |
Carbohydrates (%) | 52 ± 1 | 49 ± 2 | − 3 ± 2 | 51 ± 1 | 52 ± 3 | 1 ± 1 |
Total sugar (%) | 12 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | − 3 ± 1 | 11 ± 1 | 12 ± 1 | 1 ± 1 |
Fat (%) | 30 ± 2 | 32 ± 3 | 2 ± 2 | 30 ± 1 | 30 ± 1 | 0 ± 1 |
Saturated fat (%) | 11 ± 1 | 12 ± 1 | 1 ± 1 | 12 ± 2 | 11 ± 1 | − 1 ± 1 |
Monounsaturated fat (%) | 10 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | − 1 ± 1 | 11 ± 2 | 10 ± 3 | − 1 ± 2 |
Polyunsaturated fat (%) | 9 ± 3 | 11 ± 1 | 2 ± 3 | 7 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 2 ± 1 |
Cholesterol (mg) | 235 ± 33 | 146 ± 29 | − 89 ± 31 | 236 ± 31 | 205 ± 35 | − 31 ± 32 |
Fibre (g) | 32 ± 3 | 33 ± 4 | 1 ± 4 | 30 ± 4 | 31 ± 3 | 1 ± 1 |
Sodium (mg/d) | 2584 ± 258 | 2348 ± 276 | − 236 ± 255 | 2444 ± 184 | 2234 ± 179 | − 210 ± 156 |
Beverage intake | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Diet soda (ml/d) | 34 ± 12 | 21 ± 8 | − 13 ± 11 | 33 ± 11 | 17 ± 10 | − 16 ± 10 |
Sugar-sweetened soda (ml/d) | 48 ± 33 | 22 ± 14 | − 26 ± 28 | 34 ± 11 | 51 ± 16 | 21 ± 14 |