Table 5 Relative values and 95% confidence interval of serum insulin and HOMA-IR across quartiles of the dietary and lifestyle indices after excluding the smokers, participants with a family history of diabetes, and including diabetic patients in baseline

Family history DM excluded (n = 864)

 DIH

  Age and sex adjusted

1.06 (0.97–1.15)

1.20 (1.11–1.29)

1.29 (1.20–1.38)

  Multivariable-adjusted^*

1.05 (0.96–1.13)

1.23 (1.14–1.31)

1.25 (1.16–1.33)

 LIH

  Age and sex adjusted

1.00 (0.91–1.09)

1.22 (1.13–1.31)

1.71 (1.62–1.79)

  Multivariable-adjusted^†

1.02 (0.94–1.11)

1.20 (1.11–1.29)

1.68 (1.59–1.76)

 DIR

  Age and sex adjusted

1.12 (1.03–1.22)

1.23 (1.13–1.33)

1.38 (1.28–1.48)

  Multivariable-adjusted^*

1.13 (1.03–1.22)

1.25 (1.15–1.35)

1.33 (1.24–1.43)

 LIR

  Age and sex adjusted

1.02 (0.92–1.12)

1.24 (1.14–1.34)

1.18 (1.17–1.19)

  Multivariable-adjusted^†

1.04 (0.94–1.13)

1.21 (1.12–1.31)

1.75 (1.66–1.85)

Smokers excluded (n = 920)

 DIH

  Age and sex adjusted

1.08 (1.00–1.16)

1.18 (1.10–1.26)

1.28 (1.20–1.36)

  Multivariable-adjusted^*

1.08 (1.01–1.16)

1.19 (1.12–1.27)

1.25 (1.17–1.32)

 LIH

  Age and sex adjusted

1.00 (0.91–1.08)

1.23 (1.15–1.31)

1.65 (1.56–1.73)

  Multivariable-adjusted^†

1.01 (0.93–1.09)

1.21 (1.13–1.29)

1.62 (1.54–1.70)

 DIR

  Age and sex adjusted

1.11 (1.02–1.20)

1.19 (1.09–1.28)

1.35 (1.26–1.44)

  Multivariable-adjusted^*

1.12 (1.03–1.20)

1.19 (1.10–1.28)

1.31 (1.22–1.40)

 LIR

  Age and sex adjusted

1.00 (0.91–1.09)

1.26 (1.17–1.35)

1.73 (1.64–1.82)

  Multivariable-adjusted^†

1.02 (0.93–1.10)

1.24 (1.61–1.79)

1.70 (1.61–1.79)

Diabetic patient included (n = 1168)

 DIH

  Age and sex adjusted

0.99 (0.92–1.07)

1.15 (1.07–1.22)

1.18 (1.10–1.26)

  Multivariable-adjusted^*

1.00 (0.92–1.08)

1.16 (1.08–1.23)

1.15 (1.07–1.22)

 LIH

  Age and sex adjusted

0.97 (0.89–1.05)

1.19 (1.11–1.12)

1.66 (1.58–1.74)

  Multivariable-adjusted^†

0.98 (0.90–1.06)

1.18 (1.10–1.26)

1.62 (1.54–1.70)

 DIR

  Age and sex adjusted

1.06 (0.94–1.19)

1.12 (0.99–1.24)

1.22 (1.10–1.35)

  Multivariable-adjusted^*

1.07 (0.95–1.18)

1.11 (0.99–1.22)

1.19 (1.07–1.30)

 LIR

  Age and sex adjusted

0.95 (0.81–1.03)

1.20 (1.06–1.33)

1.80 (1.67–1.94)

  Multivariable-adjusted^†

0.96 (0.84–1.09)

1.19 (1.06–1.31)

1.73 (1.61–1.86)