| All (n = 409) | Men (n = 190) | Women (n = 219) | p valuea |
---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome measuresb | ||||
Age, years | 42 ± 16 | 42 ± 15 | 42 ± 16 | 0.93 |
Weight, kg | 70.4 ± 14.0 | 78.3 ± 12.2 | 63.5 ± 11.7 | < 0.01 |
Height, m | 1.71 ± 0.01 | 1.78 ± 0.07 | 1.64 ± 0.07 | < 0.01 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.5 (21.5–23.9) | 24.2 (22.7–26.5) | 22.5 (20.8–25.4) | 0.01 |
WC, cm | 83.8 ± 11.9 | 89.1 ± 10.3 | 79.2 ± 11.2 | < 0.01 |
HC, cm | 101 ± 9 | 102 ± 9 | 100 ± 10 | 0.04 |
WHR | 0.83 ± 0.08 | 0.88 ± 0.07 | 0.79 ± 0.08 | < 0.01 |
WHtR | 0.49 ± 0.07 | 0.50 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.07 | < 0.01 |
Blood pressure, mmHg | ||||
Systolic | 120 ± 14 | 124 ± 11 | 117 ± 15 | < 0.01 |
Diastolic | 72 ± 9 | 74 ± 9 | 70 ± 9 | < 0.01 |
Pulse pressure | 48 ± 11 | 50 ± 10 | 47 ± 10 | < 0.01 |
Body composition measures | ||||
Body fat, % | 28.3 ± 8.4 | 23.7 ± 7.2 | 32.3 ± 7.4 | < 0.01 |
Fat mass, kg | 19.0 (14.3–25.0) | 17.8 (12.9–24.9) | 19.3 (15.5–25.2) | 0.01 |
Lean mass, kg | 48.4 ± 10.5 | 40.7 ± 5.7 | 57.2 ± 7.4 | < 0.01 |
Trunk fat mass, kg | 10.4 ± 5.0 | 10.9 ± 5.2 | 10.0 ± 4.9 | 0.09 |
Abdominal VAT, g | 393 (178–811) | 691 (367–1240) | 237 (99–440) | < 0.01 |
Android fat, % | 30.5 ± 12.1 | 29.1 ± 12.1 | 31.8 ± 11.8 | 0.03 |
Gynoid fat, % | 32.2 ± 9.9 | 24.9 ± 7.0 | 38.7 ± 7.2 | 0.01 |
A/G fat ratio | 0.96 ± 0.29 | 1.13 ± 0.28 | 0.80 ± 0.21 | 0.01 |
Body Composition Indexes | ||||
FMI, kg/m2 | 7.05 ± 2.93 | 6.10 ± 2.43 | 7.88 ± 3.09 | 0.01 |
LMI, kg/m2 | 16.4 ± 2.2 | 18.0 ± 1.7 | 15.0 ± 1.5 | 0.01 |
VAI | 1.01 ± 0.68 | 1.03 ± 0.71 | 1.00 ± 0.65 | 0.66 |
Biochemistry | ||||
TC, mmol/L | 5.13 ± 1.10 | 5.05 ± 1.18 | 5.20 ± 1.02 | 0.10 |
TAG, mmol/L | 0.83 (0.66–1.16) | 0.93 (0.69–1.39) | 0.79 (0.64–1.02) | 0.01 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.65 ± 0.40 | 1.51 ± 0.40 | 1.78 ± 0.36 | 0.01 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.03 ± 0.93 | 3.07 ± 1.00 | 2.99 ± 0.86 | 0.66 |
Non-HDL-C, mmol/L | 3.48 ± 1.00 | 3.55 ± 1.07 | 3.43 ± 0.94 | 0.34 |
TC:HDL ratio | 3.00 (2.63–3.76) | 3.44 (2.78–4.03) | 2.81 (2.56–3.29) | 0.01 |
LDL-C:HDL-C ratio | 1.76 (1.42–2.30) | 2.08 (1.58–2.56) | 1.60 (1.35–2.04) | 0.01 |
Glucose, mmol/L | 5.03 ± 0.48 | 5.13 ± 0.51 | 4.94 ± 0.44 | 0.01 |
Insulin, pmol/L | 26.4 (17.3–39.9) | 27.1 (16.9–42.5) | 26.3 (18.2–37.7) | 0.69 |
HOMA-IR | 0.98 (0.07–5.30) | 1.04 (0.63–1.63) | 0.97 (0.62–1.41) | 0.41 |
NEFA, μmol/L | 416 (318–546) | 388 (310–518) | 427 (327–567) | 0.01 |
CRP, mg/L | 0.62 (0.29–1.46) | 0.63 (0.31–1.43) | 0.62 (0.28–1.52) | 0.91 |
GGT, U/L | 16.9 (14.0–22.7) | 20.5 (16.2–27.5) | 15.3 (13.2–19.0) | 0.01 |
Uric acid, µmol/L | 280 ± 68 | 323 ± 59 | 242 ± 51 | 0.01 |
Adiponectin, µg/mL | 5.11 (2.48–9.07) | 4.19 (2.22–6.02) | 6.70 (2.93–11.38) | 0.01 |
25-Hydroxyvitamin D, ng/mL | 23.9 ± 11.3 | 23.4 ± 10.8 | 24.3 ± 11.7 | 0.50 |