Effect of different doses of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 on body fat and metabolic parameters in adult individuals with obesity: a pilot study

Table 3 Changes in biomarkers of hepatic function, renal function and vital signs

	Placebo	VL_K56	L_K56	H_K56	VH_K56	p value
△ALT, U/L	− 1.10 (3.70)	− 0.85 (8.30)	− 2.85 (5.30)	− 1.80 (7.00)	2.50 (7.70)	0.27
△AST, U/L	− 1.40 (5.80)	− 0.55 (3.80)	− 0.75 (6.55)	− 4.00 (2.60)	0.30 (3.20)	0.69
△Creatinine, μmol/L	− 10.02 ± 7.38	− 6.00 ± 3.96	− 9.16 ± 5.82	− 8.10 ± 3.08	− 8.41 ± 5.66	0.59
△Urea, mmol/L	− 0.10 (1.40)	0 (2.300)	− 0.25 (1.20)	− 0.10 (0.60)	− 0.10 (0.70)	0.59
△DBP, mmHg	− 1.39 ± 9.16	− 1.14 ± 10.49	1.67 ± 8.66	0.15 ± 8.08	− 1.50 ± 9.49	0.90
△SBP, mmHg	− 2.39 ± 15.40	− 1.14 ± 11.60	0.33 ± 14.49	− 4.46 ± 11.58	2.86 ± 17.71	0.74
△HR, bpm	− 2.54 ± 8.77	1.42 ± 9.64	1.00 ± 7.15	− 1.62 ± 11.15	− 5.43 ± 4.83	0.23

Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). △ Changes in the mean value from baseline to 60 days. p value obtained from one-way ANOVA test or Kruskal–Wallis test. DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate;

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