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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population grouped by incident DR

From: Serum cholinesterase is associated with incident diabetic retinopathy: the Shanghai Nicheng cohort study

Characteristics

Total (n = 1133)

No DR (n = 1061)

Incident DR (n = 72)

P value

Age, years

61.8 (58.9–65.3)

61.7 (58.8–65.3)

62.6 (59.3–65.6)

0.295

Women, %

681 (60.1)

645 (60.8)

36 (50.0)

0.070

Diabetes duration ≥ 5 years, %

174 (15.4)

155 (14.6)

19 (26.4)

0.008

HbA1c, mmol/mol

46.4 (41.0–53.0)

46.4 (41.0–53.0)

48.6 (41.0–59.0)

0.088

HbA1c, %

6.4 (5.9-7.0)

6.4 (5.9-7.0)

6.6 (5.9–7.6)

-

FPG, mg/dL

129.5 (117.1-147.6)

129.0 (116.4-146.7)

135.0 (124.2-167.7)

0.002

FINS, uU/mL

8.3 (5.7–12.2)

8.2 (5.7–12.0)

8.4 (5.7–13.3)

0.352

HOMA-IR

2.6 (1.8–4.1)

2.6 (1.8–4.1)

3.0 (2.0–5.0)

0.053

TC, mg/dL

203.9 (180.3-230.9)

203.9 (179.9-231.7)

201.2 (182.6-223.7)

0.689

LDL-C, mg/dL

122.8 (103.5-144.4)

123.2 (104.2-144.8)

114.9 (95.0-140.2)

0.094

HDL-C, mg/dL

48.6 (40.9–57.5)

48.6 (40.9–57.5)

48.8 (37.8–60.2)

0.976

TG, mg/dL

136.3 (96.5-212.4)

136.3 (95.6-208.8)

140.7 (106.2-217.3)

0.124

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

96.3 (91.1-100.7)

96.2 (90.8-100.7)

97.1 (93.0-100.3)

0.255

UACR, mg/g

7.9 (5.1–14.3)

7.7 (5.0-13.9)

9.4 (6.0-20.3)

0.026

ALT, U/L

19.0 (14.0–26.0)

19.0 (14.0–26.0)

20.0 (15.0–28.0)

0.297

AST, U/L

22.0 (19.0–27.0)

22.0 (19.0–27.0)

22.0 (20.0–27.0)

0.783

GGT, U/L

29.0 (20.0–45.0)

29.0 (20.0–45.0)

30.5 (21.0–49.0)

0.274

BMI, kg/m2

25.8 (23.6–27.8)

25.8 (23.5–27.8)

26.1 (24.6–27.9)

0.240

SBP, mmHg

135.0 (127.0-147.0)

135.0 (127.0-147.5)

132.0 (126.0-140.0)

0.068

DBP, mmHg

83.0 (80.0–89.0)

83.0 (80.0–90.0)

83.0 (80.0-86.8)

0.828

Current smoker, %

201 (17.7)

191 (18.0)

10 (13.9)

0.377

Current drinker, %

167 (14.7)

147 (13.9)

20 (27.8)

0.001

Physical activity ≥ 30 min/day, %

40 (3.5)

38 (3.6)

2 (2.8)

1.000

Family history of diabetes, %

246 (21.8)

221 (20.9)

25 (34.7)

0.006

Glucose-lowering treatment, %

270 (23.8)

244 (23.0)

26 (36.1)

0.012

  1. Data were n (%) for categorical measures or median (25th-75th percentile) for continuous measures
  2. Abbreviations: DR, diabetic retinopathy; ChE, cholinesterase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2-h PG, 2-h plasma glucose; FINS, fasting insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urinary albumin creatinine ratio; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, γ-glutamine transferase; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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