Fig. 5

The predicted metabolic activity in the umbilical cord plasma associated with DC twins and MC twins was illustrated using log₂(fold change). The black dotted line in each column indicates metabolic pathways in the divisor groups that were adjusted to 0. The red plots at positive values represent upregulated metabolic activity in dividend groups compared to the divisor groups, whereas the red plots at negative values represent downregulated metabolic activity in dividend groups compared to the divisor groups. The red dot sizes represent the enrichment ratio of pathway computed by metabolite hits. Only the metabolic pathways with a significant p-value less than 0.05 (Logistic regression) and a q-value less than 0.1 (false discovery rate) are plotted. The pathways with a significant p-value less than 0.05 and a q-value less than 0.05 were marked via red asterisks. List of abbreviations: DC = Dichorionic; MC = Monochorionic; L = Larger twin; S = Smaller twin