Fig. 6

A Outlined is the missing micronutrient / vitamin concept based on only natural β-carotene (BC) derived intake of 9-cis-β,β-carotene (9CBC) and all-trans-β,β-carotene (ATBC), with further increased amounts of food ingredient-based BC-intake present in Western-based diets. B Summarized are the missing amounts of 9CBC based on only natural β-carotene (BC) derived intake of 9CBC and ATBC, with further increased amounts of food-ingredient based BC-intake marked with orange bars. Resulting missing 9CBC amounts / provitamin A5 (proVA5/X) in the Western diet are represented by the green bars. For approximate intake recommendations, see Fig. 2