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Table 3 Comparison of cardiometabolic health in 9–11-year-old preteens born ≥ 4 kg and < 4 kg

From: The impact of macrosomia on cardiometabolic health in preteens: findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study

 

Birthweight ≥ 4 kg

Birthweight < 4 kg

p

N

Mean/Median/n

SD/(IQR)/%

N

Mean/Median/n

SD/(IQR)/%

Anthropometry and body composition

Weight (kg)

208

34.4

(30.45, 40.15)

197

33.6

(30.3, 39.6)

0.598

Weight z-score

208

0.63

0.94

197

0.45

1.01

0.064

Height (cm)

208

141.06

7.37

197

140.98

7.98

0.911

Height z-score

208

0.61

0.91

197

0.43

1.33

0.059

BMI (kg/m2)

208

17.38

(16.03, 19.48)

197

17.14

(15.62, 19.66)

0.409

BMI z-score

208

0.48

1.03

197

0.34

1.13

0.169

Overweight, n (%)

208

51

24.5

197

35

17.8

0.141

Obesity, n (%)

208

14

6.7

197

19

9.6

 

MUAC (cm)

206

21.0

(19.1, 23.0)

196

21.0

(19.2, 23.6)

0.977

WC (cm)

208

62.35

(58.42, 67.42)

197

62.0

(58.8, 68.05)

0.752

Sum of skinfolds (mm)

192

27.06

(21.2, 36.5)

188

29.5

(22.3, 37.83)

0.167a

Subscapular/triceps ratio

189

0.58

(0.48, 0.7)

186

0.6

(0.51, 0.74)

0.098

Lean mass (kg)

178

24.4

(22.3, 27.14)

170

23.77

(21.87, 26.38)

0.063

Body fat (%)

178

25.3

(20.42, 31.9)

170

26.5

(21.8, 32.1)

0.218a

Cardiovascular health and cardiorespiratory endurance

SBP percentile

194

86.5

(70.25, 96.0)

186

89.5

(66.75, 96.0)

0.747

DBP percentile

194

73.0

(50.0, 86.0)

186

74.0

(55.0, 88.0)

0.380

Resting heart rate (bpm)

192

79.42

12.25

185

78.7

13.1

0.579

20-M SRT score

193

3.7

(3.1, 5.05)

185

3.5

(3.1, 4.4)

0.165

Cardiometabolic biomarkers

HOMA-IR

104

2.23

(1.18, 5.06)

106

2.63

(1.55, 5.15)

0.169a

TC (mmol/L)

104

4.09

0.72

108

4.22

0.66

0.171

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

105

0.83

(0.67, 1.16)

108

0.91

(0.69, 1.49)

0.243

LDL-C (mmol/L)

104

2.39

0.59

108

2.42

0.53

0.723

HDL-C (mmol/L)

105

1.22

0.38

108

1.26

0.37

0.426

C-reactive protein (mg/L)

98

0.23

(0.11, 0.42)

104

0.26

(0.13, 0.54)

0.335a

C3 complement (g/L)

105

1.38

(1.22, 1.52)

108

1.4

(1.26, 1.6)

0.043a

ICAM-1 (ng/mL)

79

345.39

(290.34, 394.91)

84

387.44

(312.91, 441.83)

0.040a

TNF-α (pg/mL)

79

8.37

2.75

84

8.9

2.67

0.220

GDF-15 (ng/mL)

79

0.29

(0.24, 0.33)

84

0.3

(0.25, 0.38)

0.214

sCD163 (ng/mL)

79

398.61

(332.86, 510.87)

84

452.41

(340.26, 574.09)

0.143a

Leptin (ng/mL)

79

4.38

(1.58, 9.03)

83

4.86

(1.76, 8.52)

0.672a

IL-6 (pg/mL)

78

0.7

(0.46, 1.11)

84

0.76

(0.51, 1.05)

0.315a

IL-17A (pg/mL)

79

1.18

(0.83, 1.84)

84

1.32

(0.94, 2.2)

0.177

  1. Results presented as mean (SD) for normally distributed variables, median (IQR 25th–75th percentile) for non-normally distributed variables, and n (%) for categorical variables. N = total population with available data; n = frequency. alog10 transformed data was used. SD Standard deviation; IQR Interquartile range, BMI Body mass index, MUAC Mid-upper arm circumference, WC Waist circumference, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, 20-M SRT 20-m shuttle run test, HOMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, TC Total cholesterol, LDL-C Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C High density lipoprotein cholesterol, ICAM-1 Intracellular adhesion molecule 1, TNF-α Tumour necrosis factor alpha, GDF-15 Growth differentiation factor 15, sCD163 Soluble cluster of differentiation factor 163, IL Interleukin. P values determined using independent t-tests for normally distributed variables; Mann–Whitney U tests for non-normally distributed variables; Chi square tests for categorical variables
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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