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Table 4 Comparison of cardiometabolic health in 9–11-year-old preteens born ≥ 4.5 kg and < 4.5 kg

From: The impact of macrosomia on cardiometabolic health in preteens: findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study

 

Birthweight ≥ 4.5 kg

Birthweight < 4.5 kg

p

N

Mean/Median/n

SD/(IQR)/%

N

Mean/Median/n

SD/(IQR)/%

Anthropometry and body composition

Weight (kg)

65

35.6

(31.6, 40.5)

340

33.8

(30.0, 39.75)

0.111

Weight z-score

65

0.88

0.88

340

0.48

0.99

0.003

Height (cm)

65

142.05

6.82

340

140.82

7.81

0.237

Height z-score

65

0.81

0.86

340

0.46

0.96

0.007

BMI (kg/m2)

65

17.86

(16.36, 19.43)

340

17.12

(15.69, 19.64)

0.068

BMI z-score

65

0.71

0.99

340

0.36

1.09

0.016

Overweight, n (%)

65

18

27.7

340

68

20.0

0.464

Obesity, n (%)

65

6

9.2

340

27

7.9

 

MUAC (cm)

65

21.1

(19.55, 23.5)

336

21.0

(19.1, 23.2)

0.447

WC (cm)

65

63.2

(59.7, 68.1)

340

62.0

(58.25, 68.0)

0.159

Sum of skinfolds (mm)

60

26.53

(21.51, 37.48)

306

28.43

(21.58, 36.48)

0.808

Subscapular/triceps ratio

61

0.58

(0.46, 0.69)

314

0.59

(0.5, 0.72)

0.157

Lean mass (kg)

57

24.76

(23.28, 28.51)

291

23.87

(21.9, 26.79)

0.021

Body fat (%)

57

25.3

(20.35, 31.85)

291

26.4

(20.9, 32.1)

0.604

Cardiovascular health and cardiorespiratory endurance

SBP percentile

60

86.0

(72.25, 95.75)

320

88.5

(67.0, 96.0)

0.723

DBP percentile

60

64.5

(46.25, 81.75)

320

74.0

(54.0, 88.0)

0.038

Resting heart rate (bpm)

60

78.45

13.23

317

79.18

12.57

0.682

20-M SRT score

61

3.8

(3.1, 5.15)

317

3.5

(3.1, 4.5)

0.333

Cardiometabolic biomarkers

HOMA-IR

35

2.48

(1.56, 6.07)

175

2.45

(1.36, 4.6)

0.413a

TC (mmol/L)

35

4.03

0.65

177

4.18

0.7

0.264

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

36

0.92

(0.68, 1.58)

177

0.88

(0.69, 1.24)

0.352

LDL-C (mmol/L)

35

2.26

0.53

177

2.44

0.56

0.082

HDL-C (mmol/L)

36

1.21

0.39

177

1.25

0.37

0.623

C-reactive protein (mg/L)

35

0.22

(0.11, 0.42)

167

0.25

(0.13, 0.49)

0.779a

C3 complement (g/L)

36

1.38

(1.2, 1.56)

177

1.39

(1.24, 1.58)

0.486a

ICAM-1 (ng/mL)

22

322.19

(291.97, 390.87)

141

358.2

(300.91, 426.82)

0.106

TNF-α (pg/mL)

22

8.53

2.09

141

8.66

2.81

0.842

GDF-15 (ng/mL)

22

0.29

(0.23, 0.33)

141

0.29

(0.25, 0.35)

0.436

sCD163 (ng/mL)

22

394.95

(344.01, 544.07)

141

430.66

(335.64, 556.24)

0.720a

Leptin (ng/mL)

22

2.52

(1.53, 10.38)

140

4.9

(1.76, 8.73)

0.625

IL-6 (pg/mL)

21

0.62

(0.44, 1.14)

141

0.75

(0.5, 1.07)

0.278a

IL-17A (pg/mL)

22

1.01

(0.76, 1.78)

141

1.3

(0.87, 2.13)

0.254

  1. Results presented as mean (SD) for normally distributed variables, median (IQR 25th–75th percentile) for non-normally distributed variables, and n (%) for categorical variables. N = total population with available data; n = frequency. alog10 transformed data was used. SD Standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range, BMI Body mass index, MUAC Mid-upper arm circumference, WC Waist circumference, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, 20-M SRT 20-m shuttle run test, HOMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, TC Total cholesterol, LDL-C Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C High density lipoprotein cholesterol, ICAM-1 Intracellular adhesion molecule 1, TNF-α Tumour necrosis factor alpha, GDF-15 Growth differentiation factor 15, sCD163 Soluble cluster of differentiation factor 163, IL Interleukin. P values determined using independent t-tests for normally distributed variables; Mann–Whitney U tests for non-normally distributed variables; Chi square tests for categorical variables
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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