The impact of macrosomia on cardiometabolic health in preteens: findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study

Callanan, Sophie; Killeen, Sarah Louise; Delahunt, Anna; Cooney, Nessa; Cushion, Rosemary; McKenna, Malachi J.; Crowley, Rachel K.; Twomey, Patrick J.; Kilbane, Mark T.; McDonnell, Ciara M.; Phillips, Catherine M.; Cody, Declan; McAuliffe, Fionnuala M.

doi:10.1186/s12986-023-00759-8

Table 5 Multiple linear regression models between macrosomia and preteen anthropometry and body composition

From: The impact of macrosomia on cardiometabolic health in preteens: findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study

	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3
	B	95% CI	R² adj	p	B	95% CI	R² adj	p	B	95% CI	R² adj	p
Models for birthweight ≥ 4 kg
Weight (kg)	0.099	(1.871, 2.069)	− 0.003	0.921	0.931	(− 0.791, 2.653)	0.292	0.288	0.732	(− 0.999, 2.463)	0.295	0.406
Weight z-score	0.181	(− 0.044, 0.407)	0.005	0.115	0.155	(− 0.069, 0.380)	0.090	0.175	0.128	(− 0.098, 0.353)	0.095	0.266
Height (cm)	0.086	(− 1.676, 1.847)	− 0.003	0.924	1.135	(− 0.297, 2.566)	0.388	0.120	1.033	(− 0.412, 2.478)	0.385	0.161
Height z-score	0.180	(− 0.039, 0.400)	0.005	0.107	0.176	(− 0.051, 0.404)	0.017	0.128	0.162	(− 0.067, 0.392)	0.011	0.166
BMI (kg/m²)	0.040	(− 0.614, 0.695)	− 0.003	0.904	0.178	(− 0.441, 0.797)	0.172	0.572	0.104	(− 0.517, 0.726)	0.176	0.742
BMI z-score	0.148	(− 0.100, 0.396)	0.001	0.241	0.111	(− 0.133, 0.355)	0.110	0.371	0.080	(− 0.165, 0.324)	0.117	0.520
MUAC (cm)	− 0.033	(− 0.725, 0.659)	− 0.003	0.925	0.223	(− 0.427, 0.873)	0.183	0.500	0.148	(− 0.505, 0.800)	0.187	0.657
WC (cm)	− 0.664	(− 2.646, 1.317)	− 0.002	0.510	− 0.303	(− 2.162, 1.556)	0.186	0.748	− 0.550	(− 2.413, 1.313)	0.193	0.562
Sum of skinfolds (mm)	− 1.754	(− 4.799, 1.291)	0.001	0.258	− 0.283	(− 3.176, 2.610)	0.168	0.847	− 0.807	(− 3.683, 2.069)	0.189	0.581
Subscapular/triceps ratio	− 0.040	(− 0.088, 0.008)	0.006	0.098	− 0.040	(− 0.089, 0.009)	0.051	0.107	− 0.043	(− 0.093, 0.006)	0.046	0.084
Lean mass (kg)	0.504	(− 0.450, 1.459)	0.000	0.299	0.699	(− 0.095, 1.492)	0.362	0.084	0.642	(− 0.158, 1.442)	0.360	0.115
Body fat (%)	− 0.915	(− 2.641, 0.811)	0.000	0.298	0.105	(− 1.509, 1.719)	0.193	0.899	− 0.265	(− 1.855, 1.324)	0.228	0.743
Models for birthweight ≥ 4.5 kg
Weight (kg)	1.628	(− 1.049, 4.304)	0.001	0.232	2.236	(− 0.125, 4.597)	0.298	0.063	2.163	(− 0.196, 4.522)	0.301	0.072
Weight z-score	0.397	(0.092, 0.703)	0.019	0.011	0.338	(0.030, 0.646)	0.098	0.032	0.325	(0.018, 0.633)	0.105	0.038
Height (cm)	1.228	(− 1.166, 3.623)	0.000	0.313	2.586	(0.630, 4.542)	0.397	0.010	2.552	(0.589, 4.516)	0.395	0.011
Height z-score	0.351	(0.053, 0.649)	0.015	0.021	0.395	(0.085, 0.706)	0.031	0.013	0.391	(0.079, 0.703)	0.026	0.014
BMI (kg/m²)	0.501	(− 0.388, 1.391)	0.001	0.268	0.462	(− 0.389, 1.313)	0.175	0.286	0.432	(− 0.418, 1.282)	0.178	0.318
BMI z-score	0.353	(0.016, 0.689)	0.011	0.040	0.230	(− 0.105, 0.565)	0.114	0.178	0.215	(− 0.119, 0.549)	0.121	0.207
MUAC (cm)	0.320	(− 0.622, 1.261)	− 0.002	0.505	0.393	(− 0.501, 1.287)	0.183	0.388	0.355	(− 0.538, 1.248)	0.188	0.435
WC (cm)	0.757	(− 1.942, 3.455)	− 0.002	0.581	0.738	(− 1.820, 3.297)	0.186	0.570	0.628	(− 1.923, 3.180)	0.193	0.628
Sum of skinfolds (mm)	0.297	(− 3.858, 4.453)	− 0.003	0.888	1.613	(− 2.365, 5.592)	0.170	0.425	1.402	(− 2.535, 5.338)	0.189	0.484
Subscapular/triceps ratio	− 0.040	(− 0.105, 0.025)	0.002	0.229	− 0.053	(− 0.120, 0.015)	0.050	0.124	− 0.053	(− 0.121, 0.014)	0.044	0.120
Lean mass (kg)	1.216	(− 0.078, 2.510)	0.008	0.065	1.354	(0.267, 2.441)	0.369	0.015	1.353	(0.264, 2.442)	0.368	0.015
Body fat (%)	− 0.296	(− 2.650, 2.059)	− 0.003	0.805	0.253	(− 1.969, 2.474)	0.193	0.823	0.132	(− 2.044, 2.308)	0.228	0.905

Models carried out between macrosomia and anthropometry and body composition outcomes at 9–11 years. CI Confidence interval, BMI Body mass index, MUAC Mid-upper arm circumference, WC Waist circumference. Model 1: crude results; Model 2: adjusted for age at follow-up, study group allocation, sex, HP index, maternal age at delivery, maternal ethnicity, maternal early pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, maternal smoking in pregnancy; Model 3: adjusted for breastfeeding exposure

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