Table 1 Characteristics of study participants according to individual vegetable intake from NHANES 1999–2018, weighted(n = 24,646)a
Total starchy vegetables(servings/day) | Total non-starchy vegetables(servings/day) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
variables | 0 | < 2 | ≥ 2 | P | 0 | < 2 | ≥ 2 | P |
Age, years | 44.91 ± 0.31 | 46.07 ± 0.34 | 46.50 ± 0.30 | < 0.001 | 44.15 ± 0.63 | 46.28 ± 0.60 | 45.88 ± 0.24 | 0.024 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 28.26 ± 0.11 | 28.34 ± 0.14 | 28.60 ± 0.13 | 0.076 | 28.85 ± 0.30 | 28.67 ± 0.22 | 28.38 ± 0.09 | 0.146 |
Gender, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.016 | ||||||
Female | 3978(49.54) | 3378(53.80) | 4369(44.37) | 455(46.62) | 951(52.87) | 10,319(48.39) | ||
Male | 4351(50.46) | 3046(46.20) | 5524(55.63) | 609(53.38) | 905(47.13) | 11,407(51.61) | ||
Race, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Mexican American | 1412(7.75) | 879(6.21) | 1523(7.31) | 103(4.93) | 247(4.79) | 3464(7.44) | ||
Non-Hispanic Black | 1484(8.60) | 1336(9.96) | 1742(8.91) | 306(15.77) | 459(13.91) | 3797(8.44) | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 4190(73.51) | 3353(74.18) | 4905(71.77) | 516(67.60) | 933(72.97) | 10,999(73.23) | ||
Other races | 1243(10.14) | 856(9.64) | 1723(12.01) | 139(11.70) | 217(8.33) | 3466(10.89) | ||
Education, n (%) | 0.022 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Less than 9th grade | 763(3.93) | 405(2.89) | 747(3.62) | 104(5.26) | 194(5.39) | 1617(3.32) | ||
9th-11th grade | 1009(8.62) | 745(8.12) | 1213(9.16) | 202(16.38) | 267(11.98) | 2498(8.13) | ||
High school | 1797(21.83) | 1510(23.27) | 2334(23.18) | 297(30.86) | 508(26.40) | 4836(22.12) | ||
Some college | 2554(32.44) | 2017(32.04) | 3067(33.08) | 328(32.62) | 553(33.99) | 6757(32.48) | ||
College or above | 2206(33.18) | 1747(33.67) | 2532(30.97) | 133(14.88) | 334(22.24) | 6018(33.95) | ||
PIR, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
< 1.30 | 2298(19.82) | 1534(16.50) | 2620(17.97) | 409(33.96) | 547(23.09) | 5496(17.18) | ||
1.30–3.49 | 3039(32.15) | 2360(33.39) | 3822(36.24) | 386(35.49) | 742(36.92) | 8093(33.82) | ||
≥ 3.50 | 2992(48.03) | 2530(50.11) | 3451(45.78) | 269(30.56) | 567(39.99) | 8137(49.00) | ||
Marital status, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Unmarried | 3967(45.22) | 2785(40.08) | 4294(41.54) | 606(56.86) | 889(45.45) | 9551(41.56) | ||
Married | 4362(54.78) | 3639(59.92) | 5599(58.46) | 458(43.14) | 967(54.55) | 12,175(58.44) | ||
Serum creatinine, umol/L | 77.43 ± 0.39 | 77.05 ± 0.35 | 79.27 ± 0.31 | < 0.001 | 82.82 ± 2.02 | 76.89 ± 0.68 | 77.94 ± 0.23 | < 0.001 |
Uric acid, µmol/L | 321.55 ± 1.34 | 318.41 ± 1.36 | 326.43 ± 1.41 | < 0.001 | 329.55 ± 3.99 | 320.94 ± 2.72 | 322.48 ± 0.98 | 0.197 |
ALT, U/L | 25.89 ± 0.35 | 25.34 ± 0.35 | 26.32 ± 0.30 | 0.115 | 25.19 ± 0.80 | 26.76 ± 1.40 | 25.88 ± 0.17 | 0.559 |
AST, U/L | 25.58 ± 0.26 | 25.14 ± 0.28 | 25.44 ± 0.22 | 0.513 | 25.10 ± 0.53 | 25.19 ± 0.45 | 25.44 ± 0.14 | 0.726 |
Smoke, n (%) | 1837(21.61) | 1255(19.21) | 1922(19.38) | 0.023 | 370(36.19) | 472(25.91) | 4172(18.97) | < 0.001 |
Physical activity (MET- minute/week), n (%) | 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
< 600 | 2918(33.16) | 2450(37.25) | 3378(33.28) | 392(35.84) | 850(45.78) | 7504(33.36) | ||
600–1200 | 1236(14.33) | 945(14.73) | 1513(14.62) | 149(14.72) | 268(13.19) | 3277(14.65) | ||
≥ 1200 | 4175(52.51) | 3029(48.01) | 5002(52.09) | 523(49.44) | 738(41.02) | 10,945(51.99) | ||
Alcohol status, n (%) | 0.057 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Never | 2189(21.05) | 1735(21.83) | 2783(23.52) | 358(29.09) | 610(27.10) | 5739(21.58) | ||
Mild | 3007(37.55) | 2334(38.75) | 3549(37.22) | 304(27.64) | 630(35.42) | 7956(38.34) | ||
Moderate | 1369(18.74) | 1132(18.86) | 1555(17.65) | 136(13.86) | 276(17.14) | 3644(18.62) | ||
Heavy | 1764(22.66) | 1223(20.56) | 2006(21.61) | 266(29.41) | 340(20.34) | 4387(21.46) | ||