Associations of starchy and non-starchy vegetables with risk of metabolic syndrome: evidence from the NHANES 1999–2018

Table 2 Association between starchy vegetable consumption and MetS risk

	Category of starchy vegetable intake				P trend
	0 serving/day	< 2 servings/day	≥ 2 servings/day	Per SD increase	P trend
Total starchy vegetables (0-6249.13 g/day)
No. of participants	8329	6424	9893
Model 1	Ref	1.03(0.92,1.14)	1.23(1.11,1.35)	1.12(1.07,1.16)	< 0.001
Model 2	Ref	1.00(0.90,1.12)	1.16(1.05,1.28)	1.09(1.05,1.14)	0.004
Model 3	Ref	0.98(0.88,1.10)	1.14(1.02, 1.28)	1.06(1.02,1.11)	0.028
White potatoes (0-3828.25 g/day)
No. of participants	10,745	6430	7471
Model 1	Ref	1.08(0.98,1.20)	1.28(1.17,1.41)	1.12(1.08,1.17)	< 0.001
Model 2	Ref	1.08(0.97,1.20)	1.23(1.12,1.36)	1.12(1.07,1.16)	< 0.001
Model 3	Ref	1.04(0.93,1.16)	1.16(1.04,1.30)	1.08(1.04,1.13)	0.011
Other starchy vegetables (0-3568.88 g/day)
No. of participants	17,646	3067	3933
Model 1	Ref	1.09(0.97,1.22)	1.12(1.01,1.24)	1.05(1.01,1.09)	0.020
Model 2	Ref	0.97(0.86,1.10)	1.01(0.90,1.12)	1.02(0.98,1.06)	0.921
Model 3	Ref	0.97(0.85,1.10)	0.98(0.87,1.10)	0.99(0.95,1.04)	0.615

Model 1: None
Model 2: Age, gender, race
Model 3: Age, gender, race, marital status, PIR, BMI, education, smoking, alcohol status, physical activity, serum creatinine, uric acid, ALT, AST, energy, fruits, carbohydrate, whole grains, meat, nuts, and non-starchy vegetables. Of note, potatoes and other starchy vegetables were mutually adjusted

ISSN: 1743-7075