Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to HLS#
From: Healthy lifestyle scores associate with incidence of type 2 diabetes mediated by uric acid
Variables | Overall | HLS | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–1 | 2 | 3 | 4–5 | |||
N | 13,919 | 1248 | 3795 | 6101 | 2775 | – |
Age, year (mean (SD)) | 54.6 (13.9) | 57.7 (12.3) | 57.4 (13.0) | 53.5(14.5) | 51.7 (13.5) |  < 0.001 |
Female (n, %) | 8171 (58.7) | 122(9.8) | 1580 (41.6) | 4202 (68.9) | 2267 (81.7) |  < 0.001 |
Smoking (n, %) | 3951 (28.4) | 1158 (92.8) | 1929 (50.8) | 809 (13.3) | 55(2.0) |  < 0.001 |
Heavy drinking (n, %) | 1561 (11.2) | 872 (69.9) | 540 (14.2) | 139 (2.3) | 10 (0.4) |  < 0.001 |
High physical activity (n, %) | 3500 (25.1) | 56 (4.5) | 350 (9.2) | 1126 (18.5) | 1968 (70.9) |  < 0.001 |
Healthy diet (n, %) | 1864 (13.4) | 20 (1.6) | 123 (3.2) | 520 (8.5) | 1201 (43.3) |  < 0.001 |
WC, cm (mean (SD)) | 79.93 (9.51) | 88.12 (9.05) | 84.69 (9.36) | 77.39 (8.26) | 75.31 (7.06) |  < 0.001 |
SBP, mmHg (mean (SD)) | 130.59 (21.89) | 138.13 (21.09) | 134.02 (22.02) | 128.87 (21.83) | 126.32 (20.64) |  < 0.001 |
DBP, mmHg (mean (SD)) | 78.87 (12.61) | 83.47 (12.57) | 80.21 (12.77) | 77.76 (12.46) | 77.44 (12.05) |  < 0.001 |
SUA levels, µmol/L (mean (SD)) | 317.44 (90.89) | 380.48 (89.53) | 343.27 (90.89) | 302.18 (85.21) | 284.84 (78.96) |  < 0.001 |
FPG, mmol/L (mean (SD)) | 4.92 (0.69) | 5.09 (0.72) | 4.92 (0.71) | 4.89 (0.67) | 4.92 (0.67) |  < 0.001 |
TG, mmol/L (median [IQR]) | 1.23 [0.87, 1.81] | 1.35 [0.95, 2.05] | 1.35 [0.95, 2.01] | 1.19 [0.85, 1.73] | 1.13 [0.82, 1.65] |  < 0.001 |
HDL.C, mmol/L (mean (SD)) | 1.42 (0.37) | 1.39 (0.38) | 1.37 (0.36) | 1.44 (0.36) | 1.48 (0.38) |  < 0.001 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 5401 (39.5) | 682 (55.5) | 1712 (45.9) | 2121 (35.4) | 886 (32.6) |  < 0.001 |
Family history of hypertension (n, %) | 3997 (28.7) | 452 (36.2) | 1007 (26.5) | 1715 (28.1) | 823 (29.7) |  < 0.001 |
Family history of diabetes (n, %) | 713 (5.1) | 70 (5.6) | 170 (4.5) | 313 (5.1) | 160 (5.8) | 0.102 |
Use of anti-hypertensive medication (n, %) | 1002 (7.2) | 136 (10.9) | 352 (9.3) | 387 (6.3) | 127 (4.6) |  < 0.001 |
Use of lipid-lowing medication (n, %) | 107 (0.8) | 15 (1.2) | 34 (0.9) | 40 (0.7) | 18 (0.6) | 0.143 |