Table 2 Changes in anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, inflammatory profile and apolipoproteins after 3 months of dietary interventions
MD pre (n = 52) | MD post (n = 52) | Δ change | p value | VD pre (n = 52) | VD post (n = 52) | Δ change | p value | pΔ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anthropometric parameters | |||||||||
Body weight, kg | 80.94 (76.36;85.52) | 78.78 (74.35;83.22) | − 2.16 (− 2.89;− 1.42) | < 0.001 | 80.88 (76.18; 85.58) | 78.97 (74.57; 83.38) | − 1.90 (− 2.75;− 1.05) | < 0.001 | 0.361 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.22 (27.98; 30.45) | 28.44 (27.25; 29.64) | − 0.77 (− 1.02;− 0.52) | < 0.001 | 29.22 (27.89; 30.55) | 28.55 (27.31; 29.79) | − 0.67 (− 0.98;− 0.36) | < 0.001 | 0.263 |
Fat mass, kg | 29.69 (26.47; 32.91) | 27.94 (24.94; 30.95) | − 1.75 (− 2.38;− 1.12) | < 0.001 | 29.37 (26.16; 32.58) | 28.20 (24.94; 31.47) | − 1.17 (− 1.85;− 0.48) | 0.001 | 0.160 |
Free fat mass, kg | 51.25 (48.28; 54.21) | 50.84 (47.87; 53.81) | − 0.41 (− 0.85; 0.04) | 0.074 | 51.50 (48.47; 54.54) | 50.77 (47.90; 53.64) | − 0.74 (− 1.37;− 0.11) | 0.022 | 0.385 |
Lipid profile | |||||||||
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 123.01 (103.33; 142.83) | 112.02 (95.58; 128.46) | − 11.06 (− 20.11;− 2.01) | 0.018 | 115.58 (99.28; 131.87) | 125.23 (104.42; 146.05) | 9.65 (− 4.55; 23.86) | 0.178 | 0.007 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 203.54 (193,51; 213.57) | 203.65 (194.94; 212.37) | 0.12 (− 6.41; 6.64) | 0.972 | 207.27 (197.84; 216.70) | 202.21 (192.48; 211.94) | − 5.06 (− 11.40; 1.29) | 0.116 | 0.598 |
LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 123.56 (113.93; 133.19) | 125.29 (117.09; 133.49) | 1.73 (− 4.40; 7.86) | 0.573 | 128.48 (120.01; 136.95) | 122.05 (112.73; 131.36) | − 6.44 (− 12.48;− 0.39) | 0.038 | 0.324 |
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 55.37 (51.35; 59.38) | 55.96 (52.32; 59.60) | 0.60 (− 1.47; 2.66) | 0.565 | 55.67 (52.24; 59.11) | 54.96 (51.08; 58.84) | − 0.71 (− 2.60; 1.18) | 0.452 | 0.157 |
Inflammatory profile | |||||||||
IL-1ra, pg/mL | 23.60 (18.15; 29.05) | 15.73 (11.37; 20.08) | − 7.87 (− 12.82;− 2.92) | 0.002 | 18.05 (13.55; 22.56) | 14.93 (10.53; 19.32) | − 3.13 (− 7.74; 1.48) | 0.179 | 0.315 |
IL-4, pg/mL | 0.25 (0.16; 0.35) | 0.29 (0.20; 0.37) | 0.03 (− 0.5; 0.1) | 0.407 | 0.23 (0.15; 0.31) | 0.29 (0.20; 0.38) | 0.06 (− 0.00; 0.12) | 0.067 | 0.823 |
IL-6, pg/mL | 1.42 (1.09; 1.75) | 1.09 (0.82; 1.35) | − 0.33 (− 0.56;− 0.10) | 0.005 | 1.31 (0.97; 1.65) | 1.06 (0.83; 1.28) | − 0.26 (− 0.55; 0.04) | 0.083 | 0.445 |
IL-8, pg/mL | 7.07 (4.86; 9.27) | 6.18 (3.97; 8.38) | − 0.89 (− 3.76; 1.98) | 0.536 | 8.30 (5.78; 10.82) | 5.16 (3.19; 7.12) | − 3.14 (− 6.15;− 0.12) | 0.042 | 0.189 |
IL-10, pg/mL | 5.88 (3.46; 8.30) | 3.69 (2.08; 5.30) | − 2.19 (− 3.81;− 0.58) | 0.009 | 4.80 (2.88; 6.72) | 4.99 (2.72; 7.26) | 0.19 (− 1.56; 1.94) | 0.827 | 0.046 |
IL-12, pg/mL | 25.45 (19.99; 30.91) | 18.18 (13.22; 23.14) | − 7.28 (− 11.35;− 3.20) | < 0.001 | 21.28 (16.58; 25.99) | 18.27 (13.67; 22.87) | − 3.01 (− 6.12; 0.09) | 0.057 | 0.083 |
IL-17, pg/mL | 9.22 (5.95; 12.49) | 4.69 (3.05; 6.32) | − 4.53 (− 7.37;− 1.70) | 0.002 | 6.54 (4.44; 8.65) | 5.75 (4.36; 7.13) | − 0.80 (− 2.75; 1.16) | 0.416 | 0.012 |
MCP-1, pg/mL | 32.95 (27.41; 38.49) | 18.75 (16.24; 21.27) | − 14.20 (− 19.53;− 8.87) | < 0.001 | 27.92 (23.06; 32.78) | 21.53 (17.79; 25.27) | − 6.39 (− 10.78;− 2.01) | 0.005 | 0.059 |
MIP-1β, pg/mL | 59.88 (52.06; 67.70) | 48.94 (41.72; 56.16) | − 10.94 (− 18.85;− 3.02) | 0.008 | 58.63 (49.99; 67.27) | 47.18 (41.06; 53.29) | − 11.45 (− 20.18;− 2.72) | 0.011 | 0.621 |
VEGF, pg/mL | 68.55 (56.10; 80.99) | 49.06 (39.90; 58.23) | − 19.48 (− 28.97;− 9.99) | < 0.001 | 58.97 (47.47; 70.47) | 46.21 (36.55; 55.86) | − 12.76 (− 20.61;− 4.90) | 0.002 | 0.706 |
TNF-α, pg/mL | 4.61 (3.40; 5.82) | 4.32 (3.01; 5.63) | − 0.29 (− 1.42; 0.84) | 0.608 | 5.06 (3.55; 6.58) | 4.38 (3.41; 5.35) | − 0.68 (− 1.91; 0.54) | 0.267 | 0.907 |
IP-10, pg/mL | 566.44 (439.57; 693.31) | 501.80 (400.57; 603.04) | − 64.64 (− 146.45; 17.18) | 0.119 | 609.78 (462.31; 757.24) | 491.37 (377.37; 605.37) | − 118.41 (− 211.20;− 25.61) | 0.013 | 0.168 |
IFN-γ, pg/mL | 5.16 (3.55; 6.77) | 6.02 (4.02; 8.01) | 0.86 (− 1.05; 2.77) | 0.371 | 7.89 (4.84; 10.95) | 4.98 (3.62; 6.35) | − 2.91 (− 5.26;− 0.56) | 0.016 | 0.368 |
Apolipoproteins | |||||||||
ApoA-I, mg/dL | 158.31 (145.01; 171.62) | 167.91 (154.46; 181.36) | 9.60 (− 9.17; 28.36) | 0.309 | 158.14 (143.50; 172.78) | 162.37 (149.99; 174.75) | 4.23 (− 14.37; 22.83) | 0.649 | 0.626 |
ApoB, mg/dL | 78.02 (73.08; 82.96) | 76.78 (71.58; 81.99) | − 1.24 (− 7.36; 4.88) | 0.686 | 78.60 (73.43; 83.78) | 79.14 (73.66; 84.62) | 0.54 (− 5.52; 6.60) | 0.859 | 0.552 |
ApoB/ApoA-I | 0.54 (0.48; 0.59) | 0.50 (0.45; 0.55) | − 0.04 (− 0.11; 0.03) | 0.213 | 0.54 (0.49; 0.60) | 0.53 (0.48; 0.59) | − 0.01 (− 0.07; 0.05) | 0.726 | 0.435 |
ApoC-I, mg/dL | 32.01 (26.56; 37.46) | 35.39 (29.32; 41.45) | 3.38 (− 3.95; 10.70) | 0.358 | 30.76 (25.71; 35.80) | 38.28 (31.79; 44.77) | 7.52 (1.22; 13.83) | 0.020 | 0.265 |
ApoC-III, mg/dL | 6.47 (5.73; 7.22) | 6.60 (5.87; 7.32) | 0.12 (− 0.79; 1.03) | 0.791 | 6.60 (5.95; 7.25) | 6.23 (5.48; 6.98) | − 0.37 (− 1.13; 0.38) | 0.326 | 0.483 |
ApoD, μg/dL | 59.76 (51.91; 67.61) | 63.48 (56.49; 70.47) | 3.72 (− 5.47; 12.91) | 0.420 | 60.89 (54.37; 67.40) | 64.82 (56.45; 73.20) | 3.94 (− 3.05; 10.93) | 0.263 | 0.868 |
ApoE, mg/dL | 3.05 (2.62; 3.47) | 2.99 (2.62; 3.37) | − 0.05 (− 0.54; 0.44) | 0.838 | 2.97 (2.59; 3.36) | 3.40 (2.99; 3.81) | 0.42 (− 0.01; 0.856) | 0.054 | 0.138 |