Association of gestational metabolic syndrome with the Chinese Healthy Eating Index in mid-pregnancy: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 General demographic characteristics

Demographic characteristics	Not diagnosed with GMS (n = 1,889)	GMS(n = 522)	P value
Age (years)^†	29.170 ± 4.483	29.160 ± 5.096	0.976
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m²)^†	22.359 ± 4.603	26.414 ± 4.811	< 0.001
Weight gain during pregnancy (kg)	8.852 ± 4.021	8.872 ± 4.845	0.985
Energy intake (kcal/d)^†	1464.086 ± 411.718	1642.902 ± 636.198	0.003
Daily multivitamin intake^*	801 (66.14)	223 (57.47)	0.002
FBG (mmol/L)^†	4.407 ± 0.559	4.576 ± 0.636	< 0.001
PBG-1 h (mmol/L)^†	7.780 ± 1.715	10.045 ± 1.205	< 0.001
PBG-2 h (mmol/L)^†	6.397 ± 1.427	7.921 ± 1.267	< 0.001
TC (mmol/L)^†	5.254 ± 1.236	5.563 ± 1.032	< 0.001
TG (mmol/L)^†	2.215 ± 1.096	3.591 ± 1.104	< 0.001
LDL (mmol/L)^†	2.800 ± 0.802	2.848 ± 0.798	0.340
HDL (mmol/L)^†	1.897 ± 0.468	2.155 ± 0.662	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)^†	120.920 ± 11.647	124.880 ± 14.481	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)^†	71.910 ± 9.562	73.890 ± 10.888	0.001
Maternity history*			0.515
< 1 live birth	616 (50.87)	190 (48.97)
≥ 1 live birth	595 (49.13)	198 (51.03)
Degree of education*			< 0.001
Senior high school and below	610 (50.37)	235 (60.57)
College degree or above	601 (49.63)	153 (39.43)
Household income*			0.296
< 10,000 CNY	448 (36.99)	155 (39.95)
≥ 10,000 CNY	763 (63.01)	233 (60.05)
Daily activity*			< 0.001
≥ 30 min	754 (62.26)	204 (52.58)
< 30 min	457 (37.74)	184 (47.42)

^†Mean ± standard deviation;
*Outside the brackets is the number of cases, inside the brackets is the composition ratio (%)

ISSN: 1743-7075