Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population, Tehran lipid and glucose study

Continuous variables

Age, year

42.1 (9.3)

40.8 (9.0)

42.6 (9.3)

< 0.01

BMI, kg/m²

26.9 (4.4)

25.9 (4.4)

27.3 (4.3)

< 0.01

SBP, mmHg

115.1 (15.7)

113.0 (14.8)

115.9 (16.0)

< 0.01

DBP, mmHg

76.7 (10.2)

75.2 (10.1)

77.3 (10.2)

< 0.01

FPG, mmol/L

4.85 (0.38)

4.89 (0.36)

4.83 (0.38)

< 0.01

2hPG, mmol/L

5.47 (1.17)

4.10 (0.68)

6.04 (0.80)

< 0.01

2hPG-FPG, mmol/L

0.62 (1.16)

-0.78 (0.65)

1.21 (0.76)

< 0.01

TC, mmol/L

5.30 (1.12)

5.20 (1.12)

5.35 (1.11)

< 0.01

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.07 (0.28)

1.07 (0.29)

1.08 (0.28)

0.86

HOMA-IR*

1.70 (0.90)

1.56 (0.83)

1.75 (0.93)

< 0.01

HOMA-B*

127.06 (121.01)

133.77 (135.14)

110.43 (72.85)

< 0.01

Categorical variables

Smoking (current, %)

786 (17.1)

308 (22.8)

478 (14.7)

< 0.01

Education (%)

< 0.01

< 6 years

722 (15.7)

227 (16.8)

495 (15.3)

6–12 years

2567 (34.1)

805 (59.5)

1762 (54.3)

> 12 years

1305 (28.4)

320 (23.7)

985 (30.4)

Hypercholesterolemia (yes, %)

2379 (51.8)

634 (46.9)

1745 (53.8)

< 0.01

Hypertension (yes, %)

651 (14.1)

147 (10.9)

504 (15.5)

< 0.01

Anti-hypertensive drug use (yes, %)

157 (3.4)

28 (2.1)

129 (4.0)

< 0.01

Lipid-lowering drug use (yes, %)

81 (1.8)

16 (1.2)

65 (2.0)

0.07