Fig. 4

In the prevention study, glutamine-based treatment ameliorates oxidative stress but does not affect mitochondrial quality control (MQC) systems in response to high-fat diet-induced liver injury. a Liver MDA levels (n = 10). b mRNA expression of SOD (n = 5). c mRNA expression of Gpx1 (n = 5). d mRNA expression of Cat (n = 5). e, f Western blot analysis of proteins encoded by mitochondrial genes and densitometric quantification (n = 3). g, h Western blot analysis of the molecular MQC systems and densitometric quantification (n = 3). i, j Western blot analysis of the MQC system components at the organelle level and densitometric quantification (n = 3). Values are shown as the mean ± SEM. * Significantly different from the SD group. # Significantly different from the HFD group. Significance: * or #, p < 0.05; ** or ##, p < 0.01; *** or ###, p < 0.001