Fig. 5

Glutamine-based treatment in the reversal study does not improve weight gain, glucose homeostasis, and serum lipid metabolism in mice with diet-induced obesity. a Experimental design of the reversal study. b Curve of body weight changes (n = 12). c Body weights before euthanizing the mice (n = 12). d Body composition (n = 12). e Food intake (n = 7–8). f Water intake (n = 7–8). g Rectal temperature (n = 12). h Random blood glucose (n = 12). i GTT (n = 12). j ITT (n = 12). k Serum TG levels (n = 10). l Serum CHOL (n = 10). m Serum HDL (n = 10). n Serum LDL (n = 10). o Serum urea (n = 10). p Serum AST (n = 10). q Serum ALT (n = 10). r Serum Gln (n = 10). Values are shown as the mean ± SEM. * Significant difference compared to the HFD group. Significance: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. GTT, glucose-tolerance test; ITT, insulin-tolerance test; TG, triglyceride; CHOL, cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase