Table 2 Baseline dietary intakes of the study participants across tertiles of ultra-processed food consumption
Dietary intakes | Total (n = 2050) | Tertiles of UPF | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 (n = 683) 27.10–59.29 (39.16 g/d) | T2 (n = 684) 59.36–105.01 (80.97 g/d) | T3 (n = 683) 105.03–175.30 (145.63 g/d) | ||
Ultra-processed food subgroups | ||||
 Breads (g/week) | 22.86 (7.49–68.6) | 10.89 (0.00–23.49) | 24.10 (11.73–68.6) | 46.68 (22.86–100) |
 Salty snacks (g/week) | 10.21 (1.02–34.86) | 1.96 (0.00–8.16) | 11.69 (2.10–33.83) | 33.97 (11.76–87.5) |
 Fast foods (g/week) | 72.4 (34.72–136) | 34.12 (14.00–64.6) | 77.1 (45.07–134) | 124 (73.9–191) |
 Sweetened beverages (mL/week) | 65.3 (10.71–228) | 10.73 (0.00–65.3) | 65.3 (21.43–137) | 280 (65.3–560) |
 Sweets and desserts (g/week) | 119 (60.8–211) | 63.1 (29.89–107) | 125.7 (70.5–199) | 204 (126–287) |
 Dairy products (g/week) | 65.2 (19.81–147) | 19.83 (6.51–53.4) | 75.0 (28.00–130) | 147 (60.0–290) |
 Other UPF (g/week) | 19.20 (7.00–48.00) | 7.70 (2.58–19.20) | 21.49 (7.70–47.98) | 34.20 (17.73–71.7) |
Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 2309 ± 796 | 1987 ± 664 | 2264 ± 720 | 2675 ± 839 |
Total protein intake (% energy) | 13.67 ± 2.17 | 14.19 ± 2.29 | 13.67 ± 2.16 | 13.14 ± 1.9 |
Total carbohydrate intake (% energy) | 57.77 ± 6.67 | 59.36 ± 6.68 | 57.67 ± 6.62 | 56.29 ± 635 |
Total fat intake (% energy) | 30.72 ± 6.02 | 30.69 ± 6.27 | 30.80 ± 6.19 | 30.66 ± 5.58 |
Total cholesterol intake (g/1000 kcal) | 93.67 ± 31.12 | 89.81 ± 30.58 | 95.71 ± 32.99 | 95.47 ± 29.38 |
Saturated fat intake (g/1000 kcal) | 11.25 ± 2.77 | 11.19 ± 3.07 | 11.28 ± 2.71 | 11.29 ± 2.49 |
Total fiber intake (g/1000 kcal) | 16.67 ± 5.49 | 17.91 ± 5.80 | 16.57 ± 5.46 | 15.53 ± 4.93 |