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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to quartile group of dietary fiber intake, the KDCC study, 2017–2019

From: Consumption of dietary fiber and APOA5 genetic variants in metabolic syndrome: baseline data from the Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort Study

 

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

P for trend

Dietary fiber (g/day)

(< 17.89)

17.89-<20.10

20.10-<22.74

≥ 22.74

 

 N

497

495

496

497

 

Age (years)

42.7 ± 6.9

43.8 ± 6.7

44.0 ± 6.8

45.0 ± 6.7

< 0.001

Sex (n, %)

     

 Male

228 (45.9)

149 (30.1)

152 (30.7)

77 (15.5)

< 0.001

 Female

269 (54.1)

346 (69.9)

344 (69.4)

420 (84.5)

 

BMI (kg/m2) (n, %)

24.66 ± 3.62

24.45 ± 3.66

24.32 ± 3.43

23.99 ± 3.55

0.008

 < 25

295 (59.4)

299 (60.4)

295 (59.5)

326 (65.6)

0.14

 ≥ 25

202 (40.6)

196 (39.6)

201 (40.5)

171 (34.4)

 

Education level (n, %)

     

 Middle school or less

4 (0.8)

4 (0.8)

5 (1.0)

6 (1.2)

0.17

  High school

155 (31.2)

164 (33.1)

173 (34.9)

197 (39.6)

 

  College or more

335 (67.4)

323 (65.3)

314 (63.3)

294 (59.2)

 

Occupation (n, %)

     

 Professionals, administrative, management, or office jobs

208 (41.9)

160 (32.3)

150 (30.2)

151 (30.4)

< 0.001

 Sales or service positions

131 (26.4)

139 (28.1)

155 (31.3)

143 (28.8)

 

 Agriculture, manufacturing, mining, or army service

47 (9.5)

24 (4.9)

42 (8.5)

30 (6.0)

 

 Housekeeping, unemployment, or others

111 (22.3)

172 (34.8)

149 (30.0)

173 (34.8)

 

Income (10,000 won/month) (n, %)

     

 <200

39 (7.9)

29 (5.9)

30 (6.1)

52 (10.5)

0.10

  200–400

134 (27.0)

142 (28.7)

148 (29.8)

138 (27.8)

 

  >400

323 (65.0)

318 (64.2)

313 (63.1)

302 (60.8)

 

Alcohol consumption (n, %)

     

 None

121 (24.4)

167 (33.7)

197 (39.7)

231 (46.5)

< 0.001

  Ex-drinker

11 (2.2)

22 (4.4)

22 (4.4)

21 (4.2)

 

  Current drinker

365 (73.4)

306 (61.8)

277 (55.9)

245 (49.3)

 

Smoking status (n, %)

     

 None

336 (67.6)

394 (79.6)

415 (83.7)

436 (87.7)

< 0.001

  Ex-smoker

66 (13.3)

42 (8.5)

29 (5.9)

25 (5.0)

 

  Current smoker

95 (19.1)

59 (11.9)

52 (10.5)

36 (7.2)

 

Physical activity (MET-min/week) (n, %)

     

 Low

142 (28.6)

144 (29.1)

140 (28.2)

165 (33.2)

< 0.001

 Moderate

132 (26.6)

145 (29.3)

165 (33.3)

189 (38.0)

 

 High

223 (44.9)

206 (41.6)

191 (38.5)

143 (28.8)

 

Total caloric intake (kcal/day)

1971.18 ± 626.39

2059.19 ± 665.38

2134.21 ± 730.47

1986.88 ± 752.94

0.94

MetS

     

 No

417 (83.9)

405 (81.8)

423 (85.3)

438 (88.1)

0.045

 Yes

80 (16.1)

90 (18.2)

73 (14.7)

59 (11.9)

 

WC (cm)

84.17 ± 9.82

83.02 ± 9.25

82.66 ± 9.32

81.10 ± 9.28

< 0.001

TG (mg/dL)

148.80 ± 164.46

133.20 ± 106.47

131.78 ± 127.30

116.48 ± 82.82

< 0.001

Systolic BP (mmHg)

118.52 ± 15.65

117.15 ± 15.52

116.33 ± 14.14

115.71 ± 15.88

0.004

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

75.62 ± 12.06

73.44 ± 12.26

72.98 ± 11.59

71.83 ± 12.09

< 0.001

FBG (mg/dL)

85.06 ± 16.58

83.91 ± 14.02

84.93 ± 21.82

82.75 ± 10.33

0.20

HDL-C (mg/dL)

55.65 ± 13.90

56.41 ± 13.60

57.06 ± 14.50

58.13 ± 13.49

0.002

  1. BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MET, metabolic equivalent unit; MetS, metabolic syndrome; Q, quartile; TG, triglycerides; WC, waist circumference. Values are presented as n (%) for categorical variables and means ± SD for continuous variables. Residuals of dietary fiber was used to determine quartile groups. P values for trend were calculated with the use of linear regression (BMI), the Jonckheere-Terpstra test (other continuous variables) or the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test for categorical variables, where appropriate
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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