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Table 2 Mean serum homocysteine concentrations according to tertile of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA in serum phospholipids

From: Polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum and homocysteine concentrations in Japanese men and women: a cross-sectional study

Fatty acid tertile

n

Model 11

Model 22

PUFA

   

  <44.32%

166

10.58 (10.13, 11.05)3

10.45 (10.05, 10.88)

  44.32–46.20%

165

10.23 (9.81, 10.68)

10.16 (9.77, 10.55)

  ≥46.21%

165

9.95 (9.52, 10.39)

10.14 (9.75, 10.55)

  P-trend4

 

0.06

0.34

n-6 PUFA5

   

  <32.44%

166

10.18 (9.72, 10.66)

10.32 (9.90, 10.77)

  32.44–35.19%

165

10.05 (9.63, 10.49)

9.98 (9.61, 10.37)

  ≥35.20%

165

10.52 (10.05, 11.02)

10.45 (10.02, 10.90)

  P-trend4

 

0.34

0.67

LA (18:2n-6)

   

  <19.98%

166

10.32 (9.90, 10.77)

10.08 (9.64, 10.55)

  19.98–22.92%

165

9.98 (9.61, 10.37)

10.12 (9.70, 10.56)

  ≥22.93%

165

10.45 (10.02, 10.90)

10.55 (10.09, 11.04)

  P-trend4

 

0.67

0.14

DGLA (20:3n-6)

   

  <1.96%

166

10.11 (9.68, 10.55)

10.25 (9.85, 10.66)

  1.96–2.43%

165

10.47 (10.04, 10.93)

10.39 (9.99, 10.79)

  ≥2.44%

165

10.17 (9.74, 10.62)

10.12 (9.71, 10.54)

  P-trend4

 

0.83

0.64

AA (20:4n-6)

   

  < 9.25%

166

10.30 (9.86, 10.75)

10.29 (9.85, 10.65)

  9.25 –10.71%

165

10.27 (9.84, 10.72)

10.39 (10.00, 10.80)

  ≥ 10.72%

165

10.18 (9.75, 10.63)

10.12 (9.73, 10.52)

  P-trend4

 

0.73

0.64

n-3 PUFA5

   

  <9.95%

166

10.75 (10.29, 11.23)

10.49 (10.07, 10.92)

  9.95–12.34%

165

10.08 (9.66, 10.52)

10.07 (9.69, 10.46)

  ≥12.35%

165

9.93 (9.50, 10.38)

10.20 (9.79, 10.62)

  P-trend4

 

0.02

0.36

EPA (20:5n-3)

   

  <1.87%

166

10.76 (10.31, 11.24)

10.56 (10.14, 10.99)

  1.87–2.89%

165

10.10 (9.68, 10.54)

10.12 (9.74, 10.51)

  ≥2.90%

165

9.90 (9.48, 10.34)

10.08 (9.69, 10.49)

  P-trend4

 

0.01

0.12

DPA (22:5n-3)

   

  <0.99%

166

10.61 (10.15, 11.09)

10.49 (10.08, 10.92)

  0.99–1.20%

165

10.14 (9.72, 10.58)

10.09 (9.71, 10.48)

  ≥1.21%

165

10.01 (9.57, 10.48)

10.18 (9.76, 10.60)

  P-trend4

 

0.08

0.30

DHA (22:6n-3)

   

  <6.84%

166

10.72 (10.26, 11.19)

10.57 (10.16, 11.00)

  6.84–8.25%

165

10.33 (9.90, 10.77)

10.25 (9.87, 10.64)

  ≥8.26%

165

9.73 (9.31, 10.17)

9.94 (9.55, 10.34)

  P-trend4

 

0.003

0.04

  1. Abbreviations: AA Arachidonic acid, DGLA Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, DHA Docosahexaenoic acid, DPA Docosapentaenoic acid, EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid, LA Linoleic acid, PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid.
  2. 1Adjusted for age (y, continuous), sex and workplace [A (surveyed in July) or B (surveyed in November)].
  3. 2Adjusted for age (y, continuous), sex, workplace [A (surveyed in July) or B (surveyed in November)], smoking status (non-smoker or smoker), BMI (kg/m2, continuous), alcohol consumption (non-drinker, <20 g/d or ≥20 g/d), occupational physical activity (sedentary work or active work), non-occupational physical activity (0, 0 < to <5 or ≥5 MET-h/wk), serum folate (ng/mL, continuous), vitamin B6 intake (mg/1000 kcal, continuous) and vitamin B12 intake (μg/1000 kcal, continuous).
  4. 3Geometric means (95% confidence interval) of serum homocysteine (nmol/mL).
  5. 4P-trend values were based on multiple regression analysis, with ordinal numbers 0–2 assigned to tertile categories of each fatty acid.
  6. 5N-6 PUFA is the sum of LA, DGLA, and AA; n-3 PUFA is the sum of EPA, DPA, and DHA; PUFA is the sum of n-6 and n-3 PUFA.
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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