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Table 3 Mean serum homocysteine concentrations according to tertile of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA in serum CE

From: Polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum and homocysteine concentrations in Japanese men and women: a cross-sectional study

Fatty acid tertile

n

Model 11

Model 22

PUFA

   

  <65.27%

166

10.51 (10.05, 10.99)3

10.40 (9.98, 10.83)

  65.27–68.11%

165

10.20 (9.77, 10.65)

10.11 (9.73, 10.50)

  ≥68.12%

165

10.04 (9.61, 10.49)

10.25 (9.85, 10.66)

  P-trend4

 

0.17

0.66

n-6 PUFA5

   

  <60.77%

166

10.27 (9.81, 10.75)

10.19 (9.77, 10.62)

  60.77–64.19%

165

10.28 (9.85, 10.73)

10.27 (9.88, 10.66)

  ≥64.20%

165

10.20 (9.76, 10.68)

10.30 (9.89, 10.73)

  P-trend4

 

0.86

0.74

LA (18:2n-6)

   

  <52.45%

166

10.20 (9.75, 10.68)

10.21 (9.79, 10.64)

  52.45–56.90%

165

10.27 (9.84, 10.71)

10.23 (9.85, 10.63)

  ≥56.91%

165

10.28 (9.83, 10.75)

10.31 (9.90, 10.75)

  P-trend4

 

0.83

0.74

GLA (18:3n-6)

   

  <0.44%

166

10.03 (9.61, 10.48)

10.13 (9.74, 10.53)

  0.44–0.66%

165

10.27 (9.84, 10.72)

10.26 (9.88, 10.66)

  ≥0.67%

165

10.45 (10.01, 10.92)

10.36 (9.97, 10.77)

  P-trend4

 

0.20

0.43

DGLA (20:3n-6)

   

  <0.45%

166

10.15 (9.71, 10.60)

10.15 (9.75, 10.57)

  0.45–0.56%

165

10.50 (10.06, 10.96)

10.55 (10.16, 10.96)

  ≥0.57%

165

10.11 (9.67, 10.57)

10.05 (9.64, 10.48)

  P-trend4

 

0.93

0.81

AA (20:4n-6)

   

  <6.06%

166

10.42 (9.98, 10.87)

10.34 (9.95, 10.74)

  6.06–7.17%

165

10.20 (9.77, 10.65)

10.23 (9.85, 10.63)

  ≥7.18%

165

10.13 (9.71, 10.57)

10.18 (9.79, 10.58)

  P-trend4

 

0.37

0.58

n-3 PUFA5

   

  <3.35%

166

10.73 (10.27, 11.21)

10.45 (10.04, 10.88)

  3.35–4.71%

165

10.25 (9.82, 10.69)

10.14 (9.75, 10.54)

  ≥4.72%

165

9.79 (9.36, 10.23)

10.16 (9.36, 10.58)

  P-trend4

 

0.01

0.34

ALA (18:3n-3)

   

  <0.56%

167

10.54 (10.10, 11.00)

10.25 (10.03, 10.48)

  0.56–0.67%

166

10.47 (10.04, 10.92)

10.25 (10.03, 10.47)

  ≥0.68%

163

9.75 (9.33, 10.18)

10.25 (10.03, 10.48)

  P-trend4

 

0.02

0.99

EPA (20:5n-3)

   

  <1.66%

166

10.72 (10.26, 11.20)

10.45 (10.03, 10.88)

  1.66–2.79%

165

10.12 (9.70, 10.55)

10.12 (9.75, 10.52)

  ≥2.80%

165

9.93 (9.50, 10.38)

10.18 (9.77, 10.60)

  P-trend4

 

0.02

0.40

DHA (22:6n-3)

   

  <1.00%

166

10.73 (10.27, 11.20)

10.49 (10.09, 10.91)

  1.00–1.31%

165

10.09 (9.67, 10.53)

10.05 (9.68, 10.44)

  ≥1.32%

165

9.95 (9.52, 10.40)

10.21 (9.81, 10.63)

  P-trend4

 

0.02

0.34

  1. Abbreviations: AA Arachidonic acid, ALA A-linolenic acid, CE Cholesterol ester, DGLA Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, DHA Docosahexaenoic acid, EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid, GLA γ-linolenic acid, LA Linoleic acid, PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid.
  2. 1Adjusted for age (y, continuous), sex and workplace [A (surveyed in July) or B (surveyed in November)].
  3. 2Adjusted for age (y, continuous), sex, workplace [A (surveyed in July) or B (surveyed in November)], smoking status (non-smoker or smoker), BMI (kg/m2, continuous), alcohol consumption (non-drinker, <20 g/d or ≥20 g/d), occupational physical activity (sedentary work or active work), non-occupational physical activity (0, 0 < to <5 or ≥5 MET-h/wk), serum folate (ng/mL, continuous), vitamin B6 intake (mg, continuous) and vitamin B12 intake (μg/1000 kcal, continuous).
  4. 3Geometric means (95% confidence interval) of serum homocysteine (nmol/mL).
  5. 4P-trend values were based on multiple regression analysis, with ordinal numbers 0–2 assigned to tertile categories of each fatty acid.
  6. 5N-6 PUFA is the sum of LA, GLA, DGLA, and AA; n-3 PUFA is the sum of ALA, EPA, and DHA; PUFA is the sum of n-6 and n-3 PUFA.
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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