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Table 1 Biochemical parameters in experimental animals at the end of the eight-week treatment

From: Zerumbone, a tropical ginger sesquiterpene, ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats by reducing the hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory response

 

Normal rats

STZ-diabetic rats

 
 

Vehicle

Vehicle

ZER 20

ZER 40

RGZ

Body weight (BW) (g/rat)

402.94 ± 16.88d

262.38 ± 16.14b

287.74 ± 15.92b,c

318.42 ± 17.64a,c

335.18 ± 18.10a,d

Kidney weight (KW) (g)

1.58 ± 0.32d

2.84 ± 0.22b

2.47 ± 0.35b

2.26 ± 0.27a,c

1.96 ± 0.29d

KW/BW ratio (%)

0.32 ± 0.06d

1.08 ± 0.11b

0.86 ± 0.07b

0.71 ± 0.08b,c

0.58 ± 0.03a,d

Plasma glucose (mg/dl)

95.72 ± 6.38d

445.02 ± 16.43b

361.72 ± 17.14b,c

317.48 ± 15.31b,c

301.62 ± 16.23b,c

HbA1c (%)

4.88 ± 0.92d

14.57 ± 1.17b

12.48 ± 1.26b

11.21 ± 1.09b

10.76 ± 0.89b,c

Plasma insulin (μU/ml)

25.43 ± 0.51d

0.27 ± 0.14 b

0.31 ± 0.12b

0.35 ± 0.19b

0.41 ± 0.21b

24-h urine volume (ml/day)

9.15 ± 2.14d

27.86 ± 3.17b

22.29 ± 3.08b

18.02 ± 3.72a,c

15.68 ± 2.83a,c

24-h urine protein (mg/day)

6.81 ± 3.26d

29.24 ± 5.71b

20.47 ± 4.82b

15.28 ± 3.62a,d

11.42 ± 4.74a,d

Scr (μmol/l)

35.13 ± 5.43d

87.87 ± 8.21b

72.89 ± 7.21b

64.14 ± 6.23b,c

58.24 ± 5.77b,c

BUN (mmol/l)

6.85 ± 1.32c

19.81 ± 1.84b

16.51 ± 1.75b

14.38 ± 1.76b,c

10.23 ± 1.56a,c

Ccr (ml/min)

4.26 ± 0.59d

1.84 ± 0.64b

2.21 ± 0.46b

3.02 ± 0.47a,c

3.46 ± 0.52d

  1. STZ-diabetic rats were dosed by oral gavage once per day for eight weeks with 5 mg/kg/day rosiglitazone (RGZ), 20 mg/kg/day zerumbone (ZER 20), 40 mg/kg/day zerumbone (ZER 40). Normal or STZ-diabetic rats receiving vehicle treatment were given the same volume of vehicle (distilled water) used to dissolve test medications. Values (mean ± SD) were obtained for each group of 8 animals.
  2. ap < 0.05 and bp < 0.01 compared to the values of vehicle-treated normal rats.
  3. cp < 0.05 and dp < 0.01 compared to the values of vehicle-treated STZ-diabetic rats, respectively.