Figure 4

Sudachitin improves glucose and insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Fasting blood glucose (A) and plasma insulin concentrations (B) after 12 weeks of sudachitin treatment. Glucose (C) and insulin (D) tolerance tests were performed in high-fat diet-fed mice after an overnight (16 h) (C) or 6 h (D) fast. Mice received an oral dose of 1 g/kg glucose (C) or 0.75 mU/kg insulin by intraperitoneal injection (D). Blood glucose was measured at the indicated times. Glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity were determined from the area under the curve (AUC; inset). Open symbols: sudachitin-treated group; closed symbols: vehicle-treated groups. Plasma leptin levels were measured after 12 weeks of treatment (E). Plasma adiponectin levels were measured after 5, 8, and 12 weeks of starting treatment (F). Values are means ± standard deviation. Closed bars: vehicle-treated, control diet group; dark gray bars: sudachitin-treated, control diet group; light gray bars: vehicle-treated, high-fat diet group; open bars: sudachitin-treated, high-fat diet group; *P < 0.05 sudachitin administration vs. control treatment, # P < 0.05 high fat diet vs control diet-fed animals.