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Table 4 Primary and secondary outcomes comparison between groups at baseline and after 21 days on the prescribed diets
| Median [1st-3rdquartiles] | Ma-Pi 2 diet (n = 25) | Control diet (n = 26) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | T21 | Absolute change | Percent change | Baseline | T21 | Absolute change | Percent change | p value* | |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) | 129 (111; 149) | 95 (91; 100) | 34 (21; 44) | 26.2 (18.7; 34.1) | 126 (112; 150) | 110 (99; 115) | 22.8 (8.1; 44.6) | 16.9 (6.9; 30.1) | 0.073 |
| Post prandial blood glucose (mg/dl) | 134 (112; 179) | 100 (94; 106) | 34 (18; 75.5) | 23.1 (15.9; 42.9) | 144 (128; 210) | 127 (108; 151) | 15.3 (−1.6; 58.6) | 8.7 (−1.9; 50.3) | 0.035 |
| HbA 1c (%) | 6.7 (6.2; 7.7) | 6.3 (5.9; 7) | 0.4 (0.2; 0.6) | 6.2 (3.3; 8.3) | 6.8 (6.4; 7.1) | 6.6 (6.2; 7) | 0.2 (0.1; 0.4) | 2.2 (1.5; 5) | 0.002 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.1 (1.2; 4.1) | 0.98 (0.61; 1.98) | 1.3 (0.1; 2.9) | 51.4 (11.7; 78.3) | 3.3 (0.9; 4.6) | 1.6 (1.2; 2.4) | 1.4 (−0.2; 2.3) | 40.4 (−21.9; 62) | 0.142 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 176 (155; 217) | 120 (102; 138) | 57 (40; 65) | 32 (23.8; 38.6) | 180.5 (150.2; 210.8) | 154 (133; 185) | 24 (16; 43) | 12.3 (9.9; 23) | < 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 102 (84; 133) | 62 (39; 69) | 45 (33; 58) | 47.9 (33.5; 53.6) | 101.5 (84.8; 123.5) | 81 (66; 105) | 20 (12.3; 31.3) | 19.7 (13.5; 27.8) | < 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 46 (38; 52) | 42 (36; 51) | 4 (−1; 8) | 7.5 (−2.2; 17.1) | 48.5 (43; 55.8) | 47 (40; 56) | 0.5 (−2; 6.8) | 0.9 (−4.4; 11.5) | 0.283 |
| LDL/HDL ratio | 2.4 (2; 3) | 1.3 (0.9; 2.4) | 0.9 (0.5; 1.3) | 38.5 (29.3; 49.9) | 2 (1.8; 2.6) | 1.8 (1.3; 2.4) | 0.4 (0.1; 0.7) | 17.2 (5.9; 29.5) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 31.3 (29.9; 36.8) | 29.5 (28.2; 34.6) | 2 (1.8; 2.4) | 5.9 (5.4; 6.9) | 32 (28.2; 35.9) | 30.8 (27.3; 34.6) | 1 (0.7; 1.3) | 2.9 (2.4; 4.1) | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 81.1 (75.6; 99.1) | 77 (70; 94) | 5.5 (4.4; 6) | 6.3 (5.6; 7.2) | 87 (79; 103.9) | 83 (75; 100) | 2.8 (2; 3.6) | 2.9 (2.4; 4.2) | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 107.6 (97.9; 114.7) | 103 (96; 112) | 4.2 (1.4; 6.5) | 3.9 (1.6; 5.3) | 105.2 (101.6; 117.5) | 103 (101; 113) | 2.3 (0.9; 4) | 1.9 (0.9; 2.9) | 0.046 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 108.7 (102.5; 23.8) | 105 (99; 120) | 3.4 (2; 5.2) | 3.1 (1.8; 4) | 109.7 (102.6; 118.4) | 108 (101; 118.4) | 1.8 (1; 2.5) | 1.6 (0.8; 2.4) | 0.006 |
