The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 2 Effect of diet programs on indices of glycemic control and body weight

	Week 0	Week 12	Week 24	Week 0 to 24	Between Groups	Between Groups Adjusted*
	mean ± sd	mean ± sd	mean ± sd	mean change	p value	p value
LGID	n = 29	n = 29	n = 29
Hemoglobin A_1c, %	8.3 ± 1.9	7.5 ± 1.7	7.8 ± 2.1	-0.5	0.03	0.06
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	166.8 ± 63.7	140.7 ± 39.9	150.8 ± 47.4	-16.0**	0.67	0.76
Fasting insulin, μU/mL	14.8 ± 6.9	13.9 ± 9.9	12.6 ± 6.5	-2.2**	0.10	0.84
Body mass index, kg/m²	37.9 ± 6.0	36.5 ± 5.7	35.2 ± 6.1	-2.7**	0.05	0.10
Body weight, kg	105.2 ± 19.8	101.0 ± 16.9	98.3 ± 20.3	-6.9**	0.008	0.01
LCKD	n = 21	n = 21	n = 21
Hemoglobin A_1c, %	8.8 ± 1.8	7.2 ± 1.2	7.3 ± 1.5	-1.5**
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	178.1 ± 72.9	156.4 ± 50.7	158.2 ± 50.0	-19.9**
Fasting insulin, uU/mL	20.4 ± 9.3	14.3 ± 8.3	14.4 ± 6.9	-6.0**
Body mass index, kg/m²	37.8 ± 6.7	34.4 ± 5.6	33.9 ± 5.8	-3.9**
Body weight, kg	108.4 ± 20.5	100.1 ± 17.8	97.3 ± 17.6	-11.1**

LGID = low-glycemic, reduced-calorie diet; LCKD = low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet
* Adjusted for baseline values.
** p < 0.05 for within-group change from Baseline to Week 24.

ISSN: 1743-7075