Table 3 Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness changes for the high energy, high carbohydrate diet + exercise (HED; 2,600: 55:15:30), no diet + exercise (ND), very low carbohydrate, high protein diet + exercise (VLCHP: 1,200; 63:7:30), low carbohydrate, moderate protein diet + exercise (LCMP: 1,200; 50:20:30), high carbohydrate, low protein diet + exercise (HCLP: 1,200; 55:15:30).
| Â | Â | Â | Â | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Group | Mean | 14 Week Delta | Within Group | G × T |
Max VO2 (ml·kg·min--1) | HED | 1.0 | (-0.79, +2.73) | 0.48 | <0.05 |
| Â | ND | 0.8 | (-1.45, +3.00) | 0.27 | Â |
| Â | VLCHP | 3.6 | (+2.30, +4.94) | <0.001 | Â |
| Â | LCMP | 1.1 | (+0.13, +2.26)d | <0.01 | Â |
| Â | HCLP | 0.9 | (+0.05, +1.67)d | <0.001 | Â |
| Â | CON | 0.1 | (-2.92, +3.13) | 0.52 | Â |
BP 1 RM (kg·kg-1) | HED | 0.06 | (+0.03, +0.09) | <0.01 | 0.44 |
| Â | ND | 0.06 | (+0.04, +0.08) | <0.001 | Â |
| Â | VLCHP | 0.04 | (+0.03, +0.06) | <0.001 | Â |
| Â | LCMP | 0.09 | (+0.03, +0.16) | <0.05 | Â |
| Â | HCLP | 0.05 | (+0.03, +0.06) | <0.001 | Â |
| Â | CON | 0.02 | (-0.02, +0.05) | 0.59 | Â |
BP Lifting Volume (kg·kg-1) | HED | 1.8 | (-6.07, +9.70) | 0.20 | 0.35 |
| Â | ND | 1.2 | (-3.99, +6.37) | 0.90 | Â |
| Â | VLCHP | 3.4 | (-0.29, +7.09) | 0.30 | Â |
| Â | LCMP | 1.0 | (-3.16, +5.25) | 0.18 | Â |
| Â | HCLP | 2.9 | (+0.31, +5.58) | <0.05 | Â |
| Â | CON | 2.7 | (-2.46, +7.81) | 0.59 | Â |
LP 1 RM (kg·kg-1) | HED | 0.2 | (-0.02, +0.47) | 0.11 | 0.38 |
| Â | ND | 0.2 | (+0.09, +0.43) | <0.001 | Â |
| Â | VLCHP | 0.3 | (+0.22, +0.48) | <0.001 | Â |
| Â | LCMP | 0.5 | (+0.20, +0.73) | <0.005 | Â |
| Â | HCLP | 0.2 | (+0.13, +0.32) | <0.001 | Â |
| Â | CON | 0.1 | (-0.15, +0.37) | 0.54 | Â |
LP Lifting Volume (kg·kg-1) | HED | 2.0 | (-5.76, +9.84) | 0.45 | 0.32 |
| Â | ND | 0.9 | (-4.32, +6.08) | 0.32 | Â |
| Â | VLCHP | 4.5 | (+0.93, +8.03) | <0.05 | Â |
| Â | LCMP | 3.9 | (-0.79, +8.58) | 0.24 | Â |
| Â | HCLP | 3.9 | (+1.40, +6.48) | <0.01 | Â |
| Â | CON | 2.3 | (-2.73, +7.38) | 0.28 | Â |