Table 1 Background characteristics of participants
All subjects (n = 31) | Moderate CARD subjects (n = 18) | Strict CARD subjects (n = 13) | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male/Female | 17/14 | 9/9 | 8/5 | |
Age (yrs) | 62 ± 7 | 62 ± 6 | 62 ± 7 | 0.98 |
Body mass index | 23.2 ± 3.4 | 22.9 ± 3.3 | 23.6 ± 3.5 | 0.56 |
Duration of diabetes (months) | 89 ± 55 | 80 ± 40 | 101 ± 68 | 0.34 |
Duration of CARD (months) | 22 ± 16 | 27 ± 16 | 16 ± 13 | 0.040 |
HbA1c (%) | 6.9 ± 0.4 | 6.9 ± 0.4 | 6.8 ± 0.4 | 0.37 |
HbA1c before CARD (%) | 8.9 ± 2.0 | 8.3 ± 1.4 | 9.6 ± 2.4 | 0.099 |
Serum LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 117 ± 21 | 110 ± 17 | 126 ± 22 | 0.040 |
Serum HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 62 ± 12 | 61 ± 13 | 64 ± 10 | 0.57 |
Serum triglyceride (mg/dl) | 94 ± 42 | 98 ± 37 | 111 ± 58 | 0.47 |
Dietary intake | ||||
Total energy (kcal/day) | 1808 ± 495 | 1713 ± 423 | 1990 ± 571 | 0.15 |
Carbohydrate (g/day) | 158 ± 48 | 179 ± 35 | 127 ± 46 | 0.002 |
Carbohydrate (% energy) | 36 ± 10 | 42 ± 4 | 26 ± 7 | < 0.001 |
Fat (g/day) | 75 ± 21 | 67 ± 17 | 92 ± 26 | 0.006 |
Fat (% energy) | 38 ± 9 | 35 ± 5 | 44 ± 12 | 0.033 |
Protein (g/day) | 81 ± 21 | 78 ± 22 | 90 ± 21 | 0.13 |
Protein (% energy) | 18 ± 3 | 18 ± 3 | 19 ± 4 | 0.71 |