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Table 3 Differences in the time course for postprandial plasma glucose and serum insulin, ketone body, FFA and triglyceride levels between the moderate and strict CARD subjects after intake of the two meals

From: Acute metabolic responses to a high-carbohydrate meal in outpatients with type 2 diabetes treated with a low-carbohydrate diet: a crossover meal tolerance study

 

High-carbohydrate meal

 

Moderate CARD subjects (n = 18)

Strict CARD subjects (n = 13)

P*

 

Baseline

30 min

60 min

120 min

Baseline

30 min

60 min

120 min

 

Glucose (mg/dl)

129 ± 18

214 ± 34

229 ± 35

213 ± 39

142 ± 20

223 ± 33

245 ± 42

227 ± 48

0.13

Insulin (μIU/ml)

6.2 ± 4.6

24.2 ± 13.4

36.3 ± 26.4

37.3 ± 30.8

6.2 ± 2.2

18.2 ± 7.3

29.9 ± 13.2

30.8 ± 13.6

0.51

BHB (μmol/l)

80 ± 55

33 ± 14

25 ± 7

17 ± 4

231 ± 169

104 ± 89

53 ± 39

29 ± 14

0.001

Acetoacetate(μmol/l)

22.5 ± 13.8

13.8 ± 5.3

13.5 ± 5.6

15.4 ± 4.1

60.2 ± 40.5

32.9 ± 25.4

24.3 ± 14.3

21.5 ± 7.9

0.001

FFAs (mEq/l)

0.50 ± 0.15

0.35 ± 0.13

0.24 ± 0.10

0.11 ± 0.04

0.69 ± 0.29

0.44 ± 0.14

0.31 ± 0.16

0.14 ± 0.07

0.06

Triglyceride (mg/dl)

94 ± 41

101 ± 41

103 ± 40

107 ± 43

108 ± 59

109 ± 48

106 ± 47

95 ± 44

0.014

 

Low-carbohydrate meal

 

Moderate CARD subjects (n = 18)

Strict CARD subjects (n = 13)

P*

 

Baseline

30 min

60 min

120 min

Baseline

30 min

60 min

120 min

 

Glucose (mg/dl)

135 ± 23

137 ± 25

139 ± 25

137 ± 25

144 ± 19

151 ± 16

151 ± 19

149 ± 16

0.35

Insulin (μIU/ml)

7.1 ± 5.7

10.9 ± 7.8

12.7 ± 9.3

11.7 ± 8.8

5.5 ± 2.4

9.6 ± 3.3

10.1 ± 3.1

10.9 ± 5.2

0.67

BHB (μmol/l)

56 ± 30

51 ± 19

59 ± 23

78 ± 32

232 ± 247

187 ± 195

174 ± 211

179 ± 139

0.012

Acetoacetate (μmol/l)

17.4 ± 9.1

20.6 ± 8.0

27.1 ± 11.0

42.1 ± 22.0

56.5 ± 44.6

63.9 ± 57.9

69.0 ± 67.1

84.4 ± 51.2

0.95

FFAs (mEq/l)

0.52 ± 0.21

0.46 ± 0.22

0.46 ± 0.22

0.54 ± 0.21

0.63 ± 0.32

0.50 ± 0.15

0.52 ± 0.19

0.59 ± 0.14

0.53

Triglyceride (mg/dl)

95 ± 35

103 ± 36

125 ± 44

169 ± 62

77 ± 30

83 ± 27

108 ± 42

152 ± 71

0.89

  1. Values are means ± SD. CARD: carbohydrate-reduced diet, BHB: β-hydroxybutyrate, FFAs: free fatty acids.
  2. *: P for the difference in the time course between the moderate and strict CARD subjects.
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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