Table 1 Modulations induced by HCV on the transcription factors involved in the regulation of MTP expression

Waris G et al. [69]

SREBP-precursor (Sterol response element binding protein)

HCV-2 infection leads to activation of three isoforms of SREBPs (forms 1, 1c and 2). Moreover NS4B and core protein of genotype 3 activates SREBPs through proteolytic cleavage.

Qadri I et al. [70]

HNF1 and HNF4 (hepatocyte nuclear factor)

Increased expression of HNF1 and HFN4 mRNA in HCV subgenomic replicon-expressing Huh.8 cells.

The ability of HCV to induce HNF1 and HNF4 is attributed to 1) increased oxidative stress and 2) direct protein-protein interactions between HCV non-structural component (NS) 5A and HNF1, leading to enhanced HNF1 DNA binding.

Yamaguchi A et al. [71]

PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)

In HCV core protein-expressing mice PPAR-α was down-regulated

Kim KH et al. [72]

PPAR-γ

The NS5A increases the transcriptional activity and gene expression of PPARγ

Tsutsumi T et al. [73]

Yamaguchi A et al [71]

RXRα (retinoid X receptor alpha)

HCV-Core binds to and activates RXRα

Tanaka N et al. [74]

PPAR-α,

Persistent PPARα activation is essential for development of severe hepatic steatosis and its progression into hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver of core gene transgenic mice

Dharancy et al. [75]

PPAR-α,

Reduced mRNA levels of PPAR-α in HCV infected patients and in HCV core-expressing HepG2 cells