Table 4 Glucose production, hepatic glucose flux, and blood chemistries: ANOVA results

Endogenous Glucose Production (GP, g·kg^-1·min^-1)

2.3 ± 0.3

2.1 ± 0.2

2.7 ± 0.5

2.8 ± 0.4

0.046

2.3 ± 0.2

2.3 ± 0.3

Contribution of Gluconeogenesis to Endogenous Glucose Production (f _gng , %)

40.0 ± 6.0

44.4 ± 3.4

37.3 ± 7.1

42.6 ± 6.5

0.736

44.6 ± 4.8

46.9 ± 4.5

Absolute flux from glycogen to plasma glucose (GB, g·kg^-1·min^-1)

1.4 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.2

1.7 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 0.2

0.231

1.3 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.2

Glucose (mg·dL^-1)

92.7 ± 10.8

88.1 ± 7.4

91.0 ± 7.6

89.2 ± 3.9

0.54

92.5 ± 5.2

86.5 ± 4.2

Glycerol (mmol·L^-1)

0.04 ± 0.03

0.03 ± 0.02

0.06 ± 0.03

0.04 ± 0.03

0.19

0.02 ± 0.02

0.04 ± 0.03

Free Fatty Acids (mmol·L^-1)

0.49 ± 0.16

0.55 ± 0.18

0.56 ± 0.29

0.46 ± 0.13

0.42

0.51 ± 0.13

0.61 ± 0.24

β-hydoxybutyrate (mmol·L^-1)

0.12 ± 0.78

0.25 ± 0.13

0.15 ± 0.09

0.16 ± 0.09

0.02

0.13 ± 0.08

0.34 ± 0.22

Insulin (uU·mL^-1)

6.9 ± 2.9

4.3 ± 0.5

5.5 ± 2.1

4.2 ± 0.6

0.18

8.2 ± 2.6

4.4 ± 2.3

Glucagon (pg·mL^-1)

42.3 ± 17.8

32.9 ± 13.9

42.1 ± 20.1

29.6 ± 6.9

0.89

68.1 ± 17.6

54.9 ± 12.6