Table 8 Metabolic Markers The average levels measured in the Autism and Neurotypical groups are reported below, along with their standard deviations
| Â | Units | Autism Group | Neuro-typical Group | % Difference | p-value | Neurotypical Reference Range (10th and 90th percentiles) | Autism Group % below RR | Autism Group % above RR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Free Sulfate (plasma) | μmol / g protein | 1.44 +/- 0.51 | 4.09 +/- 2.28 | -65% | < 0.00001 * | 1.4-7.5 | 56% | 0% |
Total Sulfate (plasma) | μmol / g-protein | 1121 +/- 212 | 1566 +/- 384 | -28% | < 0.0001 * | 987-2070 | 36% | 0% |
SAM (RBC) | μmol/dl | 214.5 +/- 15 | 228.4 +/- 12 | -6% | < 0.0001 * | 210-242 | 39% | 4% |
SAH (RBC) | μmol/dl | 44.6 +/- 8.0 | 42.6 +/- 4.4 |  | n.s. | 40-52 | 27% | 24% |
SAM/SAH ratio | Â | 4.9 +/- 1.1 | 5.4 +/- 0.6 | -10% | 0.006 | 4.1-6.0 | 25% | 13% |
Uridine (plasma) | 10-6 mol/l | 15.3 +/- 7.5 | 7.9 +/- 2.7 | +93% | < 0.00001 * | 5.5-10.9 | 4% | 60% |
Adenosine (plasma) | 10-8 mol/l | 23.2 +/- 5.9 | 20.6 +/- 3.4 | +12% | 0.008 | 17-26 | 11% | 33% |
Inosine (plasma) | 10-6 mol/l | 3.56 +/- 0.91 | 3.83 +/- 0.93 | Â | n.s. | 2.7-5.2 | 16% | 5% |
Reduced plasma glutathione (GSH) | nmol/ml | 3.23 +/- 0.48 | 4.09 +/- 0.79 | -21% | < 0.0001 * | 3.1-5.1 | 53% | 0% |
Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) | nmol/ml | 0.447 +/- 0.13 | 0.362 +/- 0.10 | +24% | 0.001 * | 0.22-0.52 | 0% | 30% |
Ratio of oxidized to reduced plasma glutathione | Â | 0.14 +/- 0.05 | 0.093 +/- 0.04 | +49% | < 0.0001 * | 0.05-0.15 | 4% | 42% |
Plasma nitro-tyrosine | μg/l | 16.6 +/- 7.8 | 7.4 +/- 5.1 | +125% | < 0.0001 * | 3.7-18 | 0% | 44% |