Figure 1

(a) The effects of α-tocopherol (αT) and γ-tocotrienol (γT3) towards DS neuronal cell death for 14 days in vitro as detected by Propidium Iodide (PI) assay. *Denotes P < 0.05 compared to control while ^# denotes P < 0.05 when γT3 was compared to αT at their corresponding concentration. The data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 6. (b) The effects of γT3 at various incubation periods (1 day, 4 days and 14 days). *Denotes P < 0.05 compared to the control, while ^#denotes P < 0.05 compared to day 1 and ^$denotes P < 0.05 compared to day 4. The data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 3. (c) The effects of γT3 on ROS generated by H₂O₂ in DS neurons with intracellular accumulation of hydroperoxides after one hour exposure to the indicated concentration of H₂O₂ measured by DCFH oxidation to DCF. *Denotes P < 0.05 compared to control while ^# denotes P < 0.05 compared to 10 μM γT3. The data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 3. (d) Uptake of α-tocopherol (αT) and γ-tocotrienol (γT3) in human cortical neurons measured by HPLC. The cellular uptake of γT3 and αT was significantly higher than the untreated control, with the uptake of γT3 significantly higher than that of αT. *Denotes P < 0.05 compared to the control, while # denotes P < 0.05 when γT3 uptake of γT3 incubated cultures were compared with αT uptake of αT incubated cultures. The data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 3.