Association between dietary phytochemical index and 3-year changes in weight, waist circumference and body adiposity index in adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose study

Table 1 Characteristics of participants by categories of dietary phytochemical index: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study ¹

	(n= 1938)
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	P ¹
Dietary phytochemical index
Range	<20.9	20.9–28.3	28.4–37.1	>37.1
Mean	17.4 ± 5.6	25.4 ± 6.4	32.9 ± 8.3	42.7 ± 10.7
Age at baseline (yr)	36.4 ± 0.5	38.2 ± 0.5	40.5 ± 0.5	46.0 ± 0.5	<0.001
Men (%)	55.9	44.4	40.2	34.8	<0.05
Weight (kg)
Baseline	74.3 ± 0.6	73.3 ± 0.6	71.9 ± 0.6	71.6 ± 0.6	0.015
After 3 year	75.9 ± 0.6	74.5 ± 0.6	73.6 ± 0.6	72.9 ± 0.6	0.017
3-year change	1.9 ± 0.2	1.4 ± 0.2	1.7 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2	0.017
Waist circumference (cm)
Baseline	91.1 ± 0.5	90.0 ± 0.5	89.1 ± 0.5	88.3 ± 0.5	0.003
After 3 year	94.7 ± 0.5	94.0 ± 0.5	93.7 ± 0.5	93.2 ± 0.5	0.24
3-year change	4.1 ± 0.3	4.2 ± 0.3	4.6 ± 0.3	4.3 ± 0.3	0.74
Body adiposity index (%)
Baseline	30.4 ± 0.2	30.4 ± 0.2	30.6 ± 0.2	30.8 ± 0.2	0.52
After 3 year	30.5 ± 0.1	30.5 ± 0.1	30.7 ± 0.1	30.6 ± 0.1	0.23
3-year change	1.09 ± 0.32	0.28 ± 0.32	0.69 ± 0.32	−0.38 ± 0.32	0.01
Physical activity (Met-h/week)
Job activity	30.7 ± 2.4	26.3 ± 2.3	24.6 ± 2.3	23.2 ± 2.4	0.17
Leisure time activity	9.8 ± 0.8	9.5 ± 0.7	10.0 ± 0.7	11.2 ± 0.7	0.43
Total	40.5 ± 2.6	35.7 ± 2.4	34.6 ± 2.4	34.4 ± 2.5	0.31
Current smoker (%)	14.5	12.6	9.6	8.2	0.01
Education status (%)
Illiterate	2.0	1.6	1.8	3.7	0.11
Primary education	7.9	6.4	0.0	5.6	0.81
Academic education	84.2	83.0	91.4	83.3	0.81
Advanced academic education	7.9	10.6	8.6	11.1	0.81

¹ Data are age-adjusted mean ± SEM.
²P values compared the characteristics of participants across quartiles of dietary phytochemical index using Chi square test or linear regression models with adjustment of sex and age.

ISSN: 1743-7075