Table 8 In vitro studies of γ-glutamyl cycle metabolites

Lymphoblastoid

cell lines

Free glutathione

James et al. 2009 [80]

21.72 ± 4.3

26.48 ± 3.5

0.021

lower

Whole cell etract - intracellular glutathione

1.75 ± 0.3

2.64 ± 0.7

0.001

lower

Mitochondria - intracellular glutathione

19.8 ± 4.1

23.5 ± 4.5

< 0.04

lower

Whole cell extract - without nitrosative stress

17.4 ± 3.9

18.3 ± 4.1

Whole cell extract - with nitrosative stress

Oxidised glutathione

James et al. 2009 [80]

0.36 ± 0.06

0.29 ± 0.07

< 0.001

higher

Whole cell extract - intracellular glutathione

0.37 ± 0.11

0.26 ± 0.12

0.059

higher

Mitochondria - intracellular glutathione

0.26 ± 0.08

0.19 ± 0.04

< 0.04

higher

Whole cell extract - without nitrosative stress

0.51 ± 0.35

0.48 ± 0.30

Whole cell extract - with nitrosative stress

Free: oxidised glutathione

James et al. 2009 [80]

61.81 ± 10.6

99.14 ± 33.5

< 0.001

lower

Whole cell extract - intracellular glutathione

5.06 ± 1.3

11.63 ± 3.9

< 0.001

lower

Mitochondria - intracellular glutathione

19.8 ± 4.1

23.5 ± 4.5

< 0.04

lower

Whole cell extract - without nitrosative stress

17.4 ± 3.9

18.3 ± 4.1

Whole cell extract - with nitrosative stress