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Table 5 Association of leptin concentration with vitamins A, C, E and zinc in the women that participated in the related to Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat and waist circumference terciles 1

From: Zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin C status are associated with leptin concentrations and obesity in Mexican women: results from a cross-sectional study

 

Vitamin C

Vitamin A

Vitamin E

VitaminE:Lipids

Zinc

(μg/mL)

(μg/dL)

(μg/mL)

(μmol/mmol)

(μg/dL)

N

497

557

557

554

535

Body Mass Index

     

≤ 25 Kg/m2

0.10 (−0.06, 0.26)

0.04 (0.01, 0.07)**

−0.03 (−0.19, 0.15)

0.04 (−0.29, 0.45)

0.60 (−0.07, 1.44)

> 25 Kg/m2

−0.07 (−0.19, 0.05)

0.03 (0.01, 0.06)**

−0.05 (−0.17, 0.08)

−0.10 (−0.36, 0.20)

0.01 (−0.34, 0.44)

> 30 Kg/m2

−0.14 (−0.26, -0.01)*

0.01 (−0.02, 0.03)

−0.09 (−0.21, 0.03)

−0.22 (−0.48, 0.08)

−0.41 (−0.66, -0.10)*

Body fat terciles

     

≤ 36%

−0.02 (−0.14, 0.11)

0.05 (0.02, 0.07)**

0.04 (−0.09, 0.17)

−0.16 (−0.41, 0.14)

0.13 (−0.30, 0.68)

36 - 40%

−0.15 (−0.29, -0.01)*

0.02 (−0.01, 0.05)

−0.05 (−0.18, 0.09)

0.00 (−0.33, 0.40)

−0.40 (−0.67, -0.06)*

> 40%

−0.07 (−0.21, 0.07)

−0.01 (−0.04, 0.02)

−0.10 (−0.26, 0.06)

−0.14 (−0.45, 0.23)

0.15 (−0.34, 0.76)

Waist circumference terciles

     

≤ 84.6 cm

0.04 (−0.08, 0.16)

0.04 (0.02, 0.07)**

0.05 (−0.09, 0.19)

0.14 (−0.15, 0.46)

0.03 (−0.36, 0.51)

84.6 – 94.3 cm

−0.06 (−0.20, 0.09)

0.03 (0.00, 0.05)

−0.03 (−0.16, 0.10)

−0.20 (−0.47, 0.13)

0.13 (−0.31, 0.69)

> 94.3 cm

−0.11 (−0.24, 0.03)

0.00 (−0.03, 0.03)

−0.11 (−0.24, 0.03)

−0.14 (−0.44, 0.23)

−0.42 (−0.69, -0.09)*

  1. 1 Leptin was transformed with square root to fit normal distribution for analysis and coefficients were re-transformed to its original units.
  2. 2 Values are beta coefficients (95% Confidence Interval) from linear regression adjusted for years of age, crowding, years of mother's education and fat percent, for regressions stratified by body fat percentiles which were adjusted just for age. To convert concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E and zinc to International System (SI) units multiply by 56.78, 0.0349, 23.22 and 0.153, respectively (μmol/L).
  3. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.