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Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to quartiles of glycemic index and glycemic load

From: Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load in relation to HbA1c in Japanese obese adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the Saku Control Obesity Program

Quartile of glycemic index

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

P

Male / Female (n)

24 / 33

25 / 31

26 / 31

38 / 18

0.02

Age (y)

55.3 ± 6.2

54.5 ± 6.4

52.8 ± 6.8

53.9 ± 6.0

0.20

BMI (kg/m2)

30.8 ± 3.7

30.5 ± 2.9

30.8 ± 3.0

30.2 ± 2.6

0.74

Waist circumference (cm)

103 ± 9

102 ± 8

103 ± 9

101 ± 6

0.43

Visceral fat area (cm2)

143 ± 58

141 ± 46

138 ± 47

150 ± 45

0.58

Subcutaneous fat area (cm2)

308 ± 122

285 ± 93

312 ± 99

263 ± 81

0.04

HbA1c (%)

6.2 ± 0.7

6.5 ± 1.4

6.2 ± 1.1

6.2 ± 1.1

0.38

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

111 ± 23

115 ± 26

111 ± 23

111 ± 31

0.80

Insulin (μIU/mL)

10.9 ± 5.5

13.7 ± 9.8

11.4 ± 10.7

9.9 ± 5.0

0.09

HOMA-IR

3.0 ± 1.7

4.0 ± 3.2

3.2 ± 3.1

2.8 ± 1.6

0.06

HOMA-β

90.2 ± 48.1

108.2 ± 80.7

95.8 ± 95.7

85.3 ± 43.5

0.35

Daily nutritional intake

     

Energy (kcal/day)

2309 ± 976

2276 ± 718

2177 ± 633

2376 ± 845

0.61

Glycemic index

60 ± 3

65 ± 1

68 ± 1

71 ± 2

<0.001

Glycemic load (/1000 kcal)

67 ± 17

78 ± 13

85 ± 12

89 ± 16

<0.001

Quartile of glycemic load

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

P

Male / Female (n)

33 / 24

24 / 32

27 / 30

29 / 27

0.43

Age (y)

53.4 ± 6.6

54.3 ± 6.4

54.5 ± 6.1

54.3 ± 6.5

0.79

BMI (kg/m2)

30.7 ± 3.6

30.1 ± 2.9

30.5 ± 2.7

30.9 ± 3.0

0.55

Waist circumference (cm)

103 ± 9

101 ± 8

102 ± 7

103 ± 8

0.64

Visceral fat area (cm2)

143 ± 57

137 ± 44

144 ± 49

148 ± 47

0.73

Subcutaneous fat area (cm2)

294 ± 119

290 ± 101

293 ± 88

291 ± 96

>0.99

HbA1c (%)

6.1 ± 0.6

6.1 ± 1.0

6.5 ± 1.3

6.4 ± 1.3

0.05

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

110 ± 16

106 ± 16

119 ± 34

112 ± 31

0.06

Insulin (μIU/mL)

11.2 ± 5.9

11.0 ± 8.5

12.1 ±10.9

11.6 ± 6.9

0.89

HOMA-IR

3.1 ± 1.8

3.0 ± 2.7

3.5 ± 3.0

3.4 ± 2.5

0.66

HOMA-β

92.6 ± 53.4

94.3 ± 61.6

94.2 ± 92.0

98.5 ± 71.0

0.98

Daily nutritional intake

     

Energy (kcal/day)

2542 ± 893

2304 ± 773

2245 ± 664

2040 ± 798

0.01

Glycemic index

63 ± 5

66 ± 4

67 ± 3

69 ± 3

<0.001

Glycemic load (/1000 kcal)

58 ± 11

75 ± 3

86 ± 3

100 ± 9

<0.001

  1. Data are (n) or means ± SD. Differences in baseline characteristics between quartiles were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for categorical variables and chi-squared tests for continuous variables.
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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